Self-Actualization

Running Head: SELF-ACTUALIZATION Self-Actualization Destini Bridgeman Kaplan College Instructor Brewer Self-actualization is a part of our nature that helps us to become better people, by expanding our creativity, and making our experiences much more intense. It is usual for us to hear someone say that, â€Å"I quit. I cannot do this anymore. † Some people do so because they are tired of what they are doing, and others may just give up on their dreams because of their own personality problem. It is not a good or healthy thing to do because in the end, people may regret for what they decided to do.They may feel unhappy or even depressed. As we can see, in the daily life we are living in, people always give up on their dreams very easily because of various problems such as not reaching self-actualization or in their streams of consciousness. A famous psychologist Abraham Maslow has a theory which is widely accepted by people. â€Å"According to Maslow, basic needs must be satis fied before we can focus on those that are more abstract† (Interpersonal Communication Everyday Encounters, 2010).Maslow came up with a pyramid that shows people have different levels of needs. Some of them are basic, and some are at a higher level. Our behavior of chasing the dreams can be understood. Maslow believed in the theory of self-actualization. â€Å"He was convinced that humans are capable of achieving high levels of intellectual and emotional existence, and he believed in human potential† (Self-Actualization, 11/08/2010). Maslow’s pyramid, a five-tiered structure, (Figure 1) represents a summary of this theory.Maslow states that in order for one to focus their attention on the ultimate goal at the apex of the pyramid, self-actualization, and one must first fulfill the needs at the subordinate levels. At the lowest level of the chart are the physiological needs, followed by the need for safety, the belongingness and love needs, the esteem needs, and fi nally culminating in self-actualization. â€Å"The state of consciousness has no simple, agreed-upon definition. Rene Descartes, a French philosopher asked: â€Å"Is the mind, or consciousness, independent of matter?Is consciousness extended (physical) or unextended (nonphysical)? Is consciousness determinative, or is it determined† (Webb, 2002)? Freud believed consciousness was unextended, and that a large portion of our brain operates completely out of conscious awareness Sigmund Freud’s theories on consciousness and unconscious awareness are being a counter theory to reaching self- actualizations. Freud looked for personality in the details such as the meanings and insights revealed by careful analysis of the tiniest aspects of a person’s thought and behavior.Freud made a strong distinction between the conscious and unconscious mind. Freud believes we can bring unconscious to conscious. â€Å"He distinguished three different levels of mental life: conscious , preconscious, and unconscious. †. People must deal with unconscious desires but also memories we put there. â€Å"Freud assumed that insight into the unconscious can never be gained directly, however, because conscious self-reports could never tap the cloaked and censored depths of the unconscious. â€Å"According to Freud, the unconscious is the part of the mind that operates outside of the conscious awareness but influences conscious thoughts, feelings, and actions. † Freud’s opinion is we can only reach self- actualization when we deal with unconsciousness. Freud believed that for us to reach â€Å"self-actualization,† we must deal with our unconscious. However, certain factors stood in our way. Defense mechanisms were used to repress unwanted desires, impulse, and memories in the unconscious mind.Freud proposed that the mind consists of three independent, interacting, and often conflicting systems. They are the ID, the Ego, and the Superego. As foll ows: â€Å"ID, which is part of the mind containing the drives present at birth and is the source of bodily needs, wants, desires, and impulses; Ego: which enables us to deal with life’s practical demands; and the Super Ego, which is the mental system that reflects the internalization of the cultural rules† (Psychology 2009). The id is the great reservoir of the libido, from which the ego seeks to distinguish itself through various mechanisms of repression† (Modules on Freud II: On the unconscious 2002). No matter how self-actualization is reached, the end result is still the same. Negative past experiences and unwanted desires are dealt with first. Peak experiences can only occur when other needs are met. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (Figure 1)References Gilbert, D. . Schacter, D. , Wegner, D. , Psychology. New York, NY. Woods, C. 2009. Viewed 11/08/2010. Modules on Freud II: On the Unconscious. July 2002. Viewed 11/15/2010. http://www. cla. purdue. edu/ac ademic/engl/theory/psychoanalysis/freud2. html Self- Actualization. Wilkipedia. The Free Encyclopedia. Viewed 11/08/2010. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Self-actualization Webb, W. (2010) States of Consciousness. Viewed 11/08/2010. http://web. ebscohost. com. kaplan. uah. edu/ehost/delivery? vid=4&hid=17&sid=fcf6a1ba-8cd7-40e7-a846-fab63a3816fb%40sessionmgr10 Wood, J. Interpersonal Communication Everyday Encounters. Boston, MA, Lyn Uhl. 2010 Viewed 11/08/2010.

Filipino People and Exposition Grounds Rizal Essay

Paris in the spring of 1889 was bursting with gaiety(joy) and excitement because of the universal exposition. Thousands of visitors from all corner of the world crowded every hotel, inn, and boarding house . every -where in the metropolis the hotel rate in London , was caught in the whirl of gay Parisian life . despite the social parties and the glittering light of the city , he continued his fruitful artistic , literary , and patriotic labor(makabayang pag gawa), he published his annotated(comment) edition of Morgam’s success; founded three Filipino societies, the kidlat club, the indios bravos , and the R. D. L. M. ; AND wrote por telefono , satire against fr. salvador font. Difficulty of finding quarters. on march 1889 , it was extremely difficult For a visitor to find living quarters in Paris the approaching(papalapit) universal exposition of 1889 which was scheduled to open on May 16 ,1889 so the all hotel accommodations were taken . to the great disgust(pagkainis) of Rizal ,the cost of living spiralled high because the French land lords, taking advantage of great demand for living quarters, raised the rent of their rooms. For a short time, Rizal lived in the house of his friends valentine ventura, at No. 45 rue maubeuge, where he polished his annotated edition of morga’s book. He transferred his residence several time moving in the hotel to another from one boarding house to another. Finally, he lived in a little room, together with two other Filipinos – Capitan Justo Trinidad former gobernadorcillo of Santa Ana, Manila, and a refugee(takas) from Spanish tyranny, and Jose Albert, a young student from Manila. Life in Paris. Although life in Paris was gay(joyful), with sparkling merriment and joyous social parties, Rizal continued to be busy in his serious pursuits(pagtugis/trabaho). However were too precious for him to waste. He spent them frugally(matipid) and fruitfully. He used most of his time in the reading room of the Bibliotheque Nationale (National Library) checking up his historical annotations on Morgan’s book, in his living quarters writing letters to his family and friends, in the gymnasium for his daily physical exercises, and visiting his friends. In his spare hours(ekstrang oras), Rizal used to dine at the homes of his friends, such as the Pardo de Taveras, the Venturas, the Bousteads the Lunas, etc. He was a good friend of the three Pardo de Taveras – Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera, physician by vocation and philologist by avocation and an artist and sculptor by avocation, and Paz de Tavera, wife of Juan Luna. These Pardo de Taveras were the children of Don Joaquin Pardo de Tavera, an exile(pagpapatapos) of 1872 who escaped from the Marianas and lived in France. On June 24, 1889, a baby girl was born to Juan Luna and Paz Pardo e Tavera. She was their second child, the first was a boy named Andres, whose pet name was Luling. Her baptismal godfather (ninong) was Rizal, who choose her named â€Å"Maria de la Paz, Blanca, Laureana, Hermenegilda Juana Luna y Pardo de Tavera. † In his letter to his family in Calamba, Rizal gave an interesting account of his life in Paris. One of these letters (dated May 16, 1889) related. My daily life in Paris in spent in the following manner: one or two hours in the gymnasium and I fencing, three or four hours in the library, the rest I use up in writing and visiting friends. . . Every other night from 8:00 to 11:00 we meet in a cafe where we play chess. On Saturdays I am invited to eat at Luna’s house, on Sundays at Mrs. Juliana’s and on Friday, I visit the family of Boustead (also a Filipino ) where sometimes I take tea. † In another litter to his family, written on September 21, 1889. He said, â€Å" We filipino gather four times a week and we sing the kundiman. We eat sotanghon, adobo, etc. , on Wednesday in the house of Dona Tula, on Thursday in the house of hidalgo, on friday in the house of madam Boustead, on saturday in the house of luna, on Sunday in the house of Dona Juliana. † Rizal and Paris exposition of 1889. Like any ordinary Filipino tourist in a foreign land Rizal was fascinated(nabighani) by the universal Exposition of Parish which opened on May 6, 1889. The greatest attraction of this exposition was the Eiffel Tower, 984 feet high, which was built by Alexander Eiffel, celebrated French engineer. Rizal and his friends attended the opening ceremonies and saw the cutting of the ribbon by President Sadi Carnotof the Third French Republic. Paris was jammed with thousands of tourist coming from all parts of the world. Daily the Exposition drew a vast crowd of 200, 000 persons or more. One of the features of the Exposition was the international art competition, in which Felix R. Hidalgo, Juan Luna, Felix Pardo de Tavera, and Rizal participated. Hidalgo’s painting was awarded second prize, the paintings of Juan Luna and F. Pardo de Tavera each obtained the third prize. While Rizal’s entry (a bust which he modelled got no prize. This bust was quite good to qualify for the exhibition, but not good enough to win an international prize. Kidlat Club. On March 19, 1889, the same day when he arrived in Paris from London, Rizal organized his paisanos (compatriots) into a society called Kidlat Club. Among the members were Antonio and Juan Luna, Gregorio Aguilera, Fernando Canon, Lauro Dimayuga, Julio Llorente, Guillermo Puatu, and Baldomero Roxas. The Kidlat Club was purely a social society of a temporary nature. It was founded by Rizal simply to bring together the young Filipinos in the French capital so that they sojourn in the city during the duration of the Universal Exposition. Thus he told Blumentritt in a letter dated March 19, 1889: Today we have formed a Kidlat Club. Kidlat in tagalog means lightning and for the same reason this Club will last only during the exposition. We have thought of it and formed it in hour. It will disappear also like lightning. Indios Bravos In their sightseeing tour of the exposition grounds Rizal and the members of the kidlat Club were amazed to see the Buffalo bull show which featured the American Idians . These red-skinned Indians were proudly riding their sturdy(matipuno) ponies elegantly dressed in their native attire and wearing their war feathers and paints. Rizal was enchanted by the dignified(marangal) and proud bearing of the American Indians . He told his friends; â€Å"Why should we resent(magdamdam) being called Indios by the Spaniards? Look at those Indios from American – They are not ashamed of their name. Let us be like them . Let us be proud of the name Indio and make our Spanish enemies revise their conception of the term. We shall be Indios Bravos. † Thus(kaya/ganoon) was born a new society of Filipino patriots in Paris – the Idios Bravos (Brave Indians). It replaced the ephemeral(panandalian) Kidlat Club. Its members pledged to excel Intellectual and physical prowess(kagitingan) in order to win the admiration of the foreigners, particularly the Spaniards. They practised with great enthusiasm(sigasig) the use of the sword and pistol . Rizal taught(itinuro) them judo, an Asian art of defence that he learned in Japan. R. D. L. M. society . Another society founded by Rizal in Paris during the universal Exposition of 1889 was the mysterious sociedad R. D. l. M. (R. D. L. M. Society) Many biographers of Rizal do not mention In fact , its existence and role in the crusade for reforms are really enigmatic(misteryoso) . Of the numerous letters written by Rizal and his follow propagandist s , only two mentioned this secret society as follows:9(1) Rizal ‘s Letter to Jose MariaBasa, Paris September 21,1889 and (2)Rizal’s Letter to Marcelo H. del Pilar ,Paris ,November 4 1889 According to Dr. Leoncio Lopez –Rizal , grandnephew of the hero , the society has a sysmbol or counter sign represented by a circle divided into three parts by two semi-circle having in the center the interlocked Letters I and B meaning Indios Bravos , and the letters R. D. L. M.placed outside an upper , lower , left and right sides of the circle. The letters R. D. L. M. are believed to be the initials of the society name Redencion de los Malayos (Redemption of the malayas ). So much mystsery surrounded the R. D. L. M. because Rizal rigidly guarded its secret exitence . Evidently , it was patterned after Freemansory . It had various degrees of membership , with the members not knowing each other . Only a few of Rizal ‘s trusted friends became memebers of the R. D. L. M. , namely ,Gregorio Aguilera ,jose ma. Basa, Julio Llorente , Marcelo H del Pilar , Mariano Ponce, Baldormore. Roxas ,and Father Jose Maria Changco (Filipino priest). The aim of the secret society, as stated by Rizal was the propagation of all useful knowledge – scientific , artistic , literary etc.. – in the Philippine . Evidently , there was another aim that is, the redemption(pagliligtas) of the Malaya race. It must be noted that Rizal was inspired by a famous Book entitled Max Havelaar (1860) wriiten by Multatuli (pseudonym of E. D Dekker ,dutch author) . This Book exposed the miserable conditions of the oppressed Malay inhabitants of the Netherlands East Indies under Dutch rule . A discerning(marung-pagkakaiba) study of the available Rizaliana documents and Rizal’s actuation show that the R. D. L. M. had something to do with the malay race . As Dr. Leoncio Lopez –Rizal cogently (kapanipaniwala) stated , Rizal’s colonization project in Borneo was â€Å"not merely to have a place where Filipinos could live and work with more liberty as well as free themselves from the oppressive conditions in the Philippine †¦but for something else more important, which is to have freedom of action to attain the aims of the R. D. L. M. which means †¦ the Redemption of the malay race. † Rizal writing blumentritt from Hong Kong on February 23 1892 , revealed his intention to be a leader of freedom , if not in the Philippines , then in other lands â€Å"In Borneo†he told (caudillo) of the planters who are thinking of emigrating there with me . I feel flattered by the idea that I can still serve my country with my pen . You Know very well that always , at all times, I am ready to serve my fatherland only my pen but also with my life whenever my fatherland would demand this sacrifice , But as I see that I am getting old , My ideals and dreams are fading ; if it is impossible for meto give freedom to my country , at least I should like to give it to these noble compatriots in other lands. Moreover, the contract for his bornean colonization included such provision as the right of the colonists to by the lands, the free use of the seashores, and the unusual long term of lease for 999 years, â€Å" a period of time long enough for many generation to form a nation and to consolidate its status â€Å" and to realize Rizal’s dream of redeeming the Malay race. Annotated Edition of Moraga Published. Rizal ‘s outstanding achievement in Paris was the publication in 1890 of his annotated edition of morga’s. Sucesos , which he wrote in the British Museum . It was printed by Garnier Freres. The Prologue was written by Professor Blumentritt, upon the request of Rizal. In his Prologue, Blumentritt commended Rizal for his fine historical scholarship. However , he frankly consured Rizal for two thing which revealed Rizal error’s, namely: (1) Rizal of the past in the light of present standard and(2) Rizal’s attack on the church were unfair should to be construed means that Catholicism is bad. Thus Blumentritt said. The high estimation of your notes (Rizal’s annotations Z. ) does not prevent me from confessing that more than once, I observed you that participate in the error of many modern historians, who judge of centuring past, in the light of concepts that corresponding to contemporary Ideas. This should not to be . The historians should not impute to the men of the 16th century the wide horizon of ideas that move the 19th century. The second point with which I am not in agreement has to do some to your fulmination against Catholicism I believe that not in religion but in the cruel method and the abuses of many priests should we look for the origin of many events lamentable for religion, for Spain, and for the good name of the European race. Notwithstanding the two blemishes of Rizal’s work, it is a splendid piece of historiography. Rizal annotated and published Morga’s Sucesos because it was the best of the many histories of the Philippines written by the early Spanish writers, being accurate in the narration of events, unbiased in judgement, and unmarred by childish fantasies. Rizal dedicated his new edition of Morga to the Filipino people so that they would know of their glorious past. His dedication is as follows: TO THE FILIPINO’S. In the Noli Me Tangere started to sketch the present state of our Fatherland: the effect which my attempt produced made me realize, before proceeding to develop before your eyes other pictures to follow, the necessity of first giving an understanding of the past in order the better to judge the present and measure the path traversed during the three centuries. Born and reared in ignorance of our past like almost all of you: without voice nor authority to speak of what we have not seen nor studied I deemed it necessary to invoke the testimony of an illustrious Spaniard who controlled the destinies of the Philippines at the beginning of its new era and personally witnessed the last days of our ancient nationality. It is, therefore, the shadow of our ancestors’ civilization which the author now shall call before you. I transmit to you faithfully his words without changing them nor mutilating them, adapting, only in so far as possible, to modern orthography and introducing greater clearness in the rather defective punctuations of the original, to facilitate its reading. The office, the nationality, and the virtues of Morga, together with the date and testimonies of his contemporaries, Spaniards for the most part, commend the work to your serious consideration. If the book succeeds in awakening in you, the consciousness of our past blotted from memory, and in rectifying what has been falsified and calumniated then I shall not have laboured in vain, and with this basis, slight thought it be, we can all devote ourselves to the study of the future. In this historical work, Rizal proved that the Filipinos were already civilized before the advent of Spain. They had clothes, government, laws. , writing, literature, religion, arts, sciences and commerce with neighbouring Asian nations. Rizal thus blasted the historicalheresies of the Spanish writers who claimed that the early Filipinos were savages and was of low mentality. Comment on Morga’s Publication Date. The title page of Rizal’s annotatedediton of Morga reads: â€Å"Paris, Libreria de Garnier Hermanos, 1890. † From this printed date, all biographers of Rizal came to assert that his edition of Morga was published in 1890. However, there is documentary evidence to show that Rizal’s from Leitmeritz, saying: â€Å"I have just receive your magnificent edition of Morga. This edition with your notes will glorify your name. † Rizal himself, in his letter to Dr. Baldomero Roxas from Paris, December 28, 1899, stated: â€Å"Today I sent to Lipa four copies of Morga. Later I will send some more. † From Barcelona, Mariano Ponce wrote to Rizal on December 31, 1889, saying: â€Å"I received the bookSucesos. Many thanks. I have read only Blumentritt’s prolongue. Truly excellent. Please send me immediately about ten copies thah I can send to the Philippines by the first mail that is going there. † The three letters cited above — from Blumentritt, B. Roxas, and M. Ponce — are incontrovertible proofs that Morga’s Sucesosby Rizal actually came off the press in 1889. Otherwise, how could these three friends of Rizal read the book before 1890? Rizal as Historian. Rizal’s research studies in the British Museum (London) and in the Bibliotheque Nationale (Paris) enriched his historical knowledge. His splendid annotations to Morga’s book showed his familiarity with the basic priciples of historiography. As he once told rigorously imparted. . . I never assert anything on my own authority. I cite texts and when I do, I have them before me. † His knowledge of foreign languages enabled Rizal to read historical documents and books in the languages in which they were originally written. For instance, he read Pigafetta’s famous First Voyage Around the World in Italian; the historical works of Marsden, Raffles, Lord Stanley, and Wallance in English; the writings of Blumintritt, Jagor, and Virchow in German; the books of M. Jacquet, J. Mallat, and A. Marche in French; and the works of T. H. Pardo de Tavera, Pedro A. Paterno, Miguel Morayta, and Pi y Margall in Spanish. By his extensive reading of archival sources and books in foreign countries, he acquired wide not only of Philippine history, but also the history of European colonization in Asia. Aside from his excellent annotations on Morga’s book, Rizal wrote other works which qualify him to be a real historian. Among them were the two historical commentaries written in London, Ma-yi(December 6, 1888) and Tawalisiof Ibn Batuta (January 7, 1889); Filipinas dentro de Cien Anos (The Philippines Within a Century), published in La Solidaridad in four issues on September 30, October 31, December 15, 1889 February 15, 1890; Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos (The Indolence of the Filipinos), published in La Solidaridad in five successive issues on July 15, July 31, August 1, August 31, and September 1, 1880; La Politica Colonial on Filipinas (Colonial Policy in the Philippines), no date; Manila en el mes de Diciembre, 1872 (Manila in the Month of December, 1872), no date; Historia de la Familia Rizal de Calamba (History of the Rizal family of Calamba); no date and Los Pueblos del Archipielago Indico (The Peoples of the Indian Archipelago), no date. The Philippines within a Century. In this article Rizal expressed his views on the Spanish colonization in the beginning of his article the glorious past of the Filipino people, then described their economic stagnation and unhappiness under the harsh and bungling Spanish rule. Toward the last paragraphs of the articl, he peered into the future and warned Spain of what would happen to her colonial empire in Asia if she would not adopt a more liberal and enlighted policy toward the Philippines. Significant passages in this historical essay are as follows: To recapitule: the Philippines wil remain Spanish if they enter upon the life of law and civilization, if the rights of their inhabitants are respected, if the other rights of due them are granted, if the liberal policy of the government is carried out without trickery or meanness, without subterfuges or false interpretatios. Otherwise, if an attempt is made to see in the islands a lode to be exploited , a resource to satisfy ambition †¦ shutting its ears to all cries of reason , then however great may be the loyalty of the filipino , it will be impossible to operation of the laws of history . Colonies established to subserve the policy and commerce of the sovereign country , all eventually become independent †¦ If the Philippines secure their independence after heroic and stubborn conflict , they can rest assured that neither England nor Germany , nor france , and still lees Holland will dare to take up what spian has been unable to told . Perhaps the great American Republic. Whose interests lie in the Pacific and who hand in the spoliation Africa may some day dream of foreign possession . This is not impossible , for the example is contagious , covetousness and ambition are among the strongest vices. Very likely, the Philippine s will defend with inexpressible valor the liberty secured at the price of so much blood and sacrifice. With the new men that will spring from their soil and with the recollection of their past, they will perhaps strive to enter freely upon the wide road of progress, and all will labor together to strengthen their fatherland.. Then the mines will be made to give up their gold for relieving distress, iron for weapon ,copper ,lead and coal . Perhaps the country will revive the maritime and mercantile life for which the islanders are fitted by their nature , ability ,and instincts, and one more to free ,bird that leaves its cage , like the flower that unfolds to the air , will recover the pristine virtues that are gradually dying out and will again become addicted to peace-cheerful, happy, joyous ,hospitable and daring. The Indolence of the Filipinos. This other essay of Rizal is also a prestigious work of historical scholarship . It is an able defence of the alleged indolence of the Filipinos In the spirit of a real scholar, Rizal made a critical study of the causes why his people did not work hard during the Spanish regime . His main thesis was that the Filipino are not by nature indolent. Long before the coming of the Spaniards he pointed the Filipinos were industrious and hard-working : They were very active in agriculture , industries , and commerce The Spaniard conquest of the country brought about a decline in economic activities because the Filipinos had abandoned their pre – Spanish industries and worked less than their ancestors . Such decline in economic life was due to certain causes: (1)the native revolts and other internal disorders which followed thre establishment of Spanish rule ,(2) the wars which the Filipinos fought for Spain against the dutch Portuguese ,English , and other enemies : (3) the frightful raids on the coastal towns and village of Christians Philippines by the Muslim pirates of Mindanao and Sulu ; (4) the forced labour which compelled thousands of Filipinos labourers to work in shipyards ,roads ,bridges, and other public works resulting in the abandonment of industry ,commerce ,and agriculture ;(5) lack of stimulus to work harder because the people could not enjoy the fruits of their labor; (6) government neglect and indifference to agriculture ,industry ,commerce ;(7) The bad example shown by the Spaniards in despising manual labor ;(8)the teaching of Spanish missionaries that it is easier for a poor man to enter heaven than for a rich man , hence the Filipinos prefer not to work and be poor so that they could easily enter heaven after they die ;(9) encouragement and propagation of gambling by the Spanish authorities ; and (10) system of Spanish as Rizal asserted , the education did not promote economics enterprise and activity , for , as Rizal asserted , the education of the native was â€Å"from his birth until he sinks into his grave is brutalizing , depressive and anti-human â€Å"and† deprives him of his dignity. It is true , admitted Rizal , that the Filipinos are easy –going and do not work so hard because they are enough to adjust themselves to their warm , tropical climates . they do not have themselves working hard in order to live because nature gives them abundant harvests by working less than those in temperate and arid countries . â€Å"The Fact†, explained Rizal. †is that in tropical countries violent work is not a good thing ,as it is death , destruction , annihilation . Nature knows this and like a just mother has therefore made the earth more fertile ,and more productive ,as a compensation . An hour’s work under that burning sun, in the midst of pernicious influences springing from nature in activity , is equal to a day ‘s labor in a temperature climates ; it is then , just that the earth yields a hundredfold . International Associations of Filipinologists. Taking advantages of world attention which attention was than focused at the Universal Exposition of Paris proposed to establish an â€Å" International Association of filipinologists â€Å" and have its inaugural convention in the French capital . He first submitted this ideas to blumentritt in a letter dated January 14 1889. And the letter international association. According to his prospectus, the aim of the association is â€Å"to study the Philippines from the scientific and historical points of view the officers were a follows: President †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Dr . Ferdinand Bluementritt (Austrian) Vice President †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Mr . Edmund Plauchut (French) Counsellor †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Dr . Reinhold Rost (Anglo-German) Secretary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Dr. Jose Rizal (Filipino).

White Paper on Pros and Cons of Positioning and Expanding the Essay

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Jstor exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Jstor exercise - Essay Example dashi Wakabayashi as he reviewed different works on the comfort women, sexual slavery, and the prostitution that was brought about by the occupation of the Japanese militia in different countries. In a nut shell, the article speaks of the situation that the women experienced during the stay of the Japanese. The article emphasized that the worst crime that were committed against women was rape. The article expresses of the pain and the trauma that was experienced by the women in the countries that were ‘raped’ by Japan in her military conquest on different countries of the Pacific. As much as the Japanese had fallen in the war against the Allied powers, nothing would prove enough as a form of atonement for what has been done to the women by the Japanese soldiers. The article’s discussion on another form of ‘death’ or felony that has been done by the Japanese military would prove a useful source for the paper in class as it discusses another point of view concerning ‘genocide.’ The article does not state a direct form of death to a specific culture or race of any kind in its content so this can be used as a secondary source for the class and its

The Crusades Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

The Crusades - Research Paper Example Scholars commonly attempt to mark crusades as the Europeans’ military expeditions against the Muslims who were then occupying the holy places in Jerusalem. In this sense, there were about four major crusades which were led during this period. But the most successful one of all these crusades was the First one in which the Crusaders could successfully occupy Antioch and Jerusalem, two most important cities of the Muslims.1 But the First Crusade was important not only for its success but also for its historical, sociopolitical and cultural background. Indeed, though on the surface level, it was a response to Pope Urban’s (II) call, it was, in reality, the reflection of an age which had experienced heavy conflict between Monarchy and Church. During the 11th century, the conflict between the State and the Church began with the Investiture Controversy which was a â€Å"dispute between King Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII concerning who would appoint bishops†2. Beside th is state-church conflict, the whole religious system got divided into a number of groups and subgroups. But the most important religious schism was the East-West Schism. Scholars claim that along with other socioeconomic and cultural factors, the state-church conflict and the East-West Schism played a crucial role in preparing the plot of the First Crusade. Moreover, this was the only one successful whereas all of the following crusades ended in smoke. In this paper, I will discuss what factors work behind the materialization of the First Crusade and why it became successful whereas the Second Crusade failed. Though it is commonly believed that the first Crusade was mainly the result of Common Europeans’ spontaneous response to Pope Urban’s (II) call, it was basically the outcome of the reformist soul of the early 11th century as well as a reaction to other contemporary sociopolitical and religious events of that era.3 A close scrutiny of the historical contexts of the First Crusade will necessarily show that it was related to the sociopolitical and religious zeal and the state-church conflict in a number of ways. So, the First Crusade was more of a sociopolitical event than a pure spiritual response of the common people. In fact, Pope Urban’s religious stance tends to hide other sociopolitical aspects of the First Crusade. This religious trend of the crusade further tends to hide the fact that though Pope Urban could motivate common people by manipulating their religiosity, his call for the Crusade was not purely religious. Rather it was Pope Urban’s attempt to consolidate his power over the state.4 In fact, due to the lack of any primary document on Pope Urban’s intention behind the First Crusade, the event remains open to interpretation. Historians’ interpretations about the drives of the First Crusades are based mainly on three points: a. the 11th century religious reform movement, b. the Seldjuk’s or the Mu slims’ threat which the Eastern Roman Orthodoxy was facing during those days, c. consolidation of Papacy’s hold on the state’s power as well as on entire European Christendom. A critical analysis of the factors behind the First Crusade will show that all of these three causes had played equal role in organizing the First Crusade. Seldjuk’s Threat in the East as a Primary Cause of First Crusade Some historians often attempt to underestimate the

Technology Assessment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Technology Assessment - Research Paper Example To align IT or IM with the organizational strategy in a health care is would call for determining the objectives of the management and to set the objectives of the technological system to move ahead in that direction. In any health care unit, generally the task for organizing the required technology of the unit is kept under the Chief Information Officer (CIO). This person is given the responsibility to develop a complete understanding of the different clinical information systems, its regulatory and the reporting requirements as well as the usage of this information in the strategic planning process and decision support. The CIO must attend all meetings and must have close associations with the fellow clinicians, the accountants, and complete staff unit and most importantly with the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the concerned health care organization. The CIO needs to understand the management structure in the organization in a proper way which has to be better than any other emp loyee as because he would be held responsible for the concerned designs, its implementation and the sustainability of IM/IT systems. As has been found in many reports both the clinicians and the end users usually want more as well as faster information. This has clearly become the most challenging and pressing need for the modern health care technology. A few years back the average life span of an individual used to be around 45 years of age. As time passed by and greater improvements were made in technology, especially in IT, there has been many improvements in improving the quality of health care. As said by Mr. Thomas Goetz, the executive editor of Wired and the author of the new book, â€Å"The Decision Tree: Taking Control of Your Health in the New Era of Personalized Medicine† (Lohr, 2010) the potential revolution witnessed in public health would be because of improvements in digital

International Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

International Management - Essay Example ers have reported the co existence of contrasting ends of the continuum of the models that have been described in nation like India, Russian, china and others. Culture will be described in this paper by looking at the qualifications of culture development from a multidisciplinary point of view. The typology of antecedents elucidates the likelihood of unpredictability within the nationalized culture and as well elucidates the fact that culture may perhaps not be bound by state boundaries (Triandis 2002b). It became very difficult to explain a complex phenomenon like culture basing arguments on tow layers yet the problem was like an onion model. Basically multifaceted approach was the best way to go. There are tow famous models of explanations to culture (Adler 2002). Trompenaars and Hampde-Turner Model- they also adopt the onion model concept of describing culture. Nonetheless, their model increases the core level of the very basic two encrusted model, to a certain extent than the outer level. In their perspective, culture is comprised of basic assumptions at the centre point. The fundamental assumptions are to some extent comparable to the values in the Hofstede model (Hall 1996). Hofstede Geert- he described culture as a collection of aspect that programs the mind and differentiates the elements of one grouping or class of people from another. He proposed four layers each of which included lower level being a model of a peeled onion, layer after layer. Figure 1 shows how Hofstede indicated the differences between culture, personality and human nature (Hofstede & McCrae 2004). One weakness of the cross-cultural analyses is the failure to go beyond the predisposition to equate culture with the conception of the country. A nation state is a political unit which consists of an independent state populated primarily by inhabitants sharing a universal culture, language/languages and history. Cultures do not have strict borders like nations or states. Its appearance

Hospitality marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hospitality marketing - Assignment Example The second thing Leslie should do is prioritize the aforementioned problems in order of their decreasing level of impact on the customer base and sales’ volume, so that the most important and the least important issues are identified. It would also make Leslie’s work more organized and formal so that it becomes easy for the head office to conceive the underlying problems and take the necessary actions accordingly. From the table given in the case study, it is obvious that the top management has cut down the costs of food, beverage, and labor since 2002, which has had a direct negative impact on the sales. So obviously, there has to be an optimal level till which the costs can be reduced or they start decreasing the sales’ volume. Leslie should particularly take help from the customers’ satisfaction surveys because they are the prime documents through which the customers have conveyed their concerns to the top management. The issues to be addressed should b e prioritized according to the customers’ preferences, and should be addressed in the same

Reflection on the Secluded Paradise in the Community Park Essay

Reflection on the Secluded Paradise in the Community Park - Essay Example In the first step, I had to garner enough information on the accessibility of the secluded paradise. Gathering this information was vital in ensuring I amassed enough information on travelling to the place. I had to search for this information since I figured a reconnaissance study would be appropriate. Therefore, finding a better route to the place would be plausible. Secondly, I searched for information about the place (Kamyab 23). I indulged the use of both primary and secondary data collection techniques. As I received loads of data, I had to sieve the data to attain the vital points. With such a drill, I was able to gather enough information. Instantaneously after amassing data from the primary and secondary sources, I had to embark on the reconnaissance study. This study gave me enough preparation for the actual visit to the place. After a couple of days, I made the official visit to the place to gather more data. I had to indulge many people in the quest for data as I was practically looking for quality data. I also had to compare the pricing and quality of services with other businesses offering the same services (Kamyab, 66). I discovered there was a minute difference in the pricing, as other businesses preferred the same pricing. After collecting information, I set on to write the essay. Since I had all the information, I faced lesser challenges. I had to encompass all the vital information in the essay, giving a stronger outlook. Though the essay had all the vital information, I had to revise several parts. For instance, I had to specify some of the prices in the park. The community park charges from $ 595 to $ 605, prior to a deposit of $ 303. With such a pricing technique, there is a reduction in cancelations.

Drilling at the Alaskan National Wildlife Reserve Essay

Drilling at the Alaskan National Wildlife Reserve - Essay Example Nonetheless, it is high time that people agreed on drilling on the refuge. The U.S should drill in the ANWR because it would add economic value, reduce dependency on foreign petroleum, and because the plan has immense support from Alaskans. An essential reason to drill in the ANWR is to add economic worth of the US. It is of immense profit not only to Alaskans but also to all American to explore the area for economic value. Economic and other remuneration of ANWR oil are of much implication that even conservationists should concur to consent drilling since even they might profit directly from the venture. America’s reliance on oil from countries that are constantly either politically unsteadies, or at variance with the U.S subjects. The U.S economy irregularly delivers disruptions, price hikes and trouncing of wealth. In the recent past, U.S has spent over 7 trillion defending hefty foreign oil, money that is more than what the U.S has spent in all the wars it has fought since the revolutionary war. America’s cost of Middle East oil is projected at fifty billion dollars each year. From all these expenses that stretch the U.S economy subjecting the citizens to grave economic crisis it is vital to explore the ANWR oil. By drilling the ANWR, this will enable the American economy to progress, as several costs will be minimized. Therefore, quick response should be taken to start exploring the oil reserves in ANWR to ease the economic burden on the American citizens. This will also take off the emotional stress, placed on the U.S, due to frequent loss of lives of soldiers’, things that are not always reflected on the imported oil price tags. The constructive significance on the U.S economy is enormous. More than 80 percent of the theoretically recoverable gas is commercially developable at a gas price of around $25 per barrel. The recoverable oil in Alaska generally, is presumed that, creation from Alaska would reduce oil imports by an equal amou nt. The latent ANWR oil improved would have a worth between $125 and $350 billion (kitchen & Burger, 1). Another critical reason to drill in the ANWR is to help the U.S to reduce its dependency of foreign oil manufacturers. It is vital to sustain drilling in this hefty area in Alaska as a method of reducing dependence on foreign, and often hostile, sources of petroleum. Taking into consideration the U.S’s present political intervention in conflicts, in the Middle East, as well as the shortage of other practical supply of petroleum, it is inevitable drilling in the ANWR as a requisite to secure and defend the interests of the country (Corn, 97). Supporters also include organizations that facilitate support extensive employment, including factions such as the Teamsters, was in favor of drilling in ANWR since it would generate a bulky sum of newly formed jobs. It is a monumental step in designing new jobs in a country facing several layoffs and recession problems, which hugely a ffect the Americans lives. Drilling for oil and natural fuels would create numerous jobs for the American public in a time where work is abundantly needed. Jobs would not only be available in the state of Alaska, but in every single state across the United States (Trapp 76). A further reason to drill in the ANWR is that many Americans are in support of the initiative. One of the main arguments against

Effect of Electronic Media on Children Essay Example for Free

Effect of Electronic Media on Children Essay The media has demonstrated otentially profound effects, both positive and negative, on childrens cognitive, social, and behavioral development. Considering the increasing exposure of children to newer forms of media, we decided to review the current literature on the effects of media on child health both in the Western countries and India. It is widely accepted that media has profound influence on child health, including violence, obesity, tobacco and alcohol use, and risky sexual behaviors. Simultaneously, media may have some positive effects on child health. We need to find ways to optimize the role of edia in our society, taking advantage of their positive attributes and minimizing their negative ones. We need to understand better how to reverse the negative impact of media and make it more positive. Key words: Media, Child, India. ne of the notable changes in our social environment in the 21st century has been the saturation of our culture and daily lives by the mass media.

Johnny Depp - A Philosopher Among Actors Essay Example for Free

Johnny Depp A Philosopher Among Actors Essay If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer. Let him step to the music which he hears, however measured or far away. In simple terms, this quote is referring to those who do not conform to the standards placed on them by their culture or subculture. In Hollywood, the way one becomes an A-List actor is by conforming to the Hollywood system: take the roles that provide the largest paychecks. Ben Affleck did not become a superstar celebrity by following his passion; Reindeer Games and Gigli are perfect examples of that. However, there is one actor who has consistently chosen his own roles, much to the dismay of his agent, based solely on his interest in the character he will portray. This actor has never taken a role that he did not feel passionate about, regardless of the flack he received from critics or the general public, and he is now one of Hollywoods finest. Johnny Depp stands out from the crowd because rather than conforming to the Hollywood standard he has become an A-List actor by following his own muse, or walking to the beat of a different drummer. A perfect example of Johnny Depps passion for his work is his starring role in the movie, Ed Wood, about Ed Wood, a filmmaker best known for making bad movies. It sounds ironic, but Johnny was insistent that this was a great movie. Despite, at the height of his career, being told that making this movie would ruin his professional image, he pursued the role. The movie was made, and it went on to win an Academy Award. Another example of Johnny Depps dedication is the movie Once Upon A Time In Mexico filmed in the heat of the summer of 2002. Because he wanted this role, Johnny agreed to film for seven consecutive days at 12-16 hours per day! A typical A-List actor will, under no circumstances, work for more than 8 hours per shooting day. Other movies that Depp was warned not to do, which went on to become successful were: Edward Scissorhands, Dead Man, Whats Eating Gilbert Grape, and Pirates of the Caribbean, for which he is nominated for Best Actor at the Academy Awards this year. Johnny Depp is renowned for his choice of movie roles. He does not simply work for the paycheck; he is truly pursuing his passion, and he has done it  quite successfully. Roger Ebert, a well-known film critic, has called Depp a modern Thoreau a philosopher among actors. At the 76th Annual Academy Awards, Johnny Depp was recognized specifically for his success in taking part in only films that he truly wanted to be a part of. Considering the standards that the industry places on actors, the fact that Johnny Depp has not sold out and taken a role simply for the money, is an admirable quality. If everyone possessed such commitment in their work, and more so, such conviction, life would be much more enjoyable to live.

The Ferrero Group Is A Family Limited Company Marketing Essay

The Ferrero Group Is A Family Limited Company Marketing Essay This paper was written in order to present Ferrero solutions and possible strategies to increase its profit during the period of Christmas 2010, in the UK. The report will comprehend the global chocolate market along with the current trends; with a special highlight on the UK market. First, the situation analysis of the company is the crucial step that will allow us to understand on what the objectives and strategies must be based on. In order to do so, we will undertake a macro and micro environment description and analysis to see how is influenced the company; starting with the company itself, we will define its place in the market, its product line, its culture, and its goals. This will lead us to the study of the collaborators such as the distributors and the suppliers which have a key role in these busy times. Analysing the market size and growth will help us to understand the English customers, their behaviour, their needs and expectations and particularly in such important period. We will also define the appropriate target markets. Certainly, we will also have a look on the competitors of the market; the direct or indirect ones based on their positioning and market shares. And finally a PEST Analysis will help us to understand the current climate and context and the current political, economical, social and technological factors that can have an impact on our objectives. Ferreros budget on this project is  £ 740  000. Based on this budget and on the fact that Christmas count for 40% of the annual sales we expect a 3 % profit increase in comparison with last year. We will give our advices on how implement and control the whole project. Introduction The FERRERO group is a family limited company of the Italian food-processing industry created in 1946 by Pietro Ferrero. The company was founded in 1956 in Alba, Italy. Ferrero ranks today 4th in global confectionery and chocolate. The company is active on five major markets (spreads, dried snacks, chocolate, confectionery and chocolate confectionery pocket), with highly targeted product of international renown such as Nutella, Mon Cheri, Kinder, Ferrero Rock. The company is today employing 21600 people all around the world. Very involved in environmental and social problems, Ferrero is a large sized company which based its success on its core values: fun, innovation, respect for those who manufacture goods and those who consume them, quality and accountability involving all the employees. (MINTEL, 2009) The Corporate Objectives: Peter Drucker in his book Management-Tasks, Responsibilities and Practices suggests that a company should have objectives in each of these goals areas: Market standing Innovation Productivity Physical and financial resources Profitability Management performance and Development Worker performance and attitude Public responsibility Regarding the market standing, Ferrero aims to be leader on the confectionery market. The policy adopted by Ferrero Group is to keep an excellent quality, to be developing markets with products that are unique, different from those of competitors and technologically innovative and have the ability to respond to consumer tastes, whatever their nationality and their age. Over the years, Ferreros policy is to consolidate the position of existing brands, accelerate growth, launching at least one new product every year, always advancing the customer satisfaction invest in the territory and finally promote employment. EXTERNAL MARKETING AUDIT Macro environment PESTE analysis is the tool we used to analyze the strategy macro-external environment within which Ferrero operates. PESTE factors play an important role in value creation opportunities of a strategy. However they are usually beyond the control of the business and must normally be considered as threats or opportunities. (TELLIS,2006) POLITICAL Political factors can affect Ferrero. It could be either an advantage or a disadvantage. Indeed, if taxes increase, therefore consumption decreased and sales of stock decrease. However, if taxes decrease is consumers will probably buy more. Laws and regulations can also affect Ferrero income, especially regarding international trade and food labeling. Also, the Government is very concerned about obesity and is warning the population on the harmful effects of confectionery. ECONOMIC The new Christmas strategy will have to take into account economic factors because they have a strong impact on business. The first factor that could disturb the business is inflation. Prices will go up increasing the production costs of the company but the customers will not agree with paying more money. Also, inflation rates must be involved ina strategy. Indeed, if the interest rates go high then Ferrero will not expand its business. Also if consumers are under pressure due to their loans they would not want to buy unnecessary products. SOCIAL The main social factor which could influence Ferrero business is the current trend of snacking. Indeed, the number of people eating on the go is increasing over the years. Also, any social change taking place outside Ferrero could have an impact on the new strategy. If for example, the birth rate falls, like expectancy will increase. We can suppose that there will be a larger demand on confectionary for middle aged consumers. On the other hand, if the birth rate increases we can assume a larger demand for the young population. Also, diets are a problem. Indeed, all the current studies announced that obesity increases, and will even more in the coming years. This means that demand will decrease, people will prefer a fruit rather than chocolate. Finally, fashion is a contemporaneous factor that changes customers mind and tastes. Even if chocolate is not really the main preoccupation it is still essential to keep in mind that fashion is changing very quickly. Ferrero needs to adapt adverts and promotions in order to keep catching customers attention. TECHNOLOGICAL Today, production is high. This is thanks to high technology machines, quicker and more efficient. Also, factories are enabling high quality mass production. Then, the new ways of communications have improved. Indeed, it is easy and cheap to use Medias such as the internet, magazines, television, newspapers, and the radio to advertise and promote the products. Finally, Internet is still a good place to sell goods, even confectionary ones. This PESTE Analysis allowed us to comprehend the external environment barriers that can affect Ferrero business. This analysis introduces us on the direction that the company should go in order to increase the products success and minimize the cost. We are now going further working on the micro environment factors. Micro-environment The Company What helped Ferrero to reach its position on the international market is based on a few keywords. The first one is the very high quality of each item of their different ranges of products. Actually, the excellence of the raw materials is a determining factor in the companys products performance. Moreover, they are conscious about the fact that being in a long term and strong relationship with the best suppliers is the only mean to offer some of the best products on the market. To make sure that Ferreros products quality meets all the customers expectations and desires, at a reasonable price, Ferrero established a set of rules which constitute its Quality Management System. It is a certification mean applied to standards for raw materials and packaging, choice of suppliers, checking of goods, recipes, production instructionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ In order to reach an entire customer satisfaction, the company worked a lot on its last key success factor: Freshness. To be able to offer the best freshness to each of its product range, Ferrero settled high standards of hygiene and food safety. Being constantly innovating is the last key factor of the brands success. It is evident that Ferreros biggest strength is its continuous research in order to be able to develop and offer new and original products to the consumers. This task is carried out by Soremartec (Socià ©tà © de recherches marketing et technique) whose mission is to study, develop and realize innovative products capable of creating new market sectors, characterized by exclusive ingredients and manufactured using technologically complex production processes. Furthermore, Ferrero is also implied in social issues, environmental causes and cares a lot about food safety. But the companys main characteristic is its way of being GLOCAL. It means that its thinking globally, and its acting locally. That is to say that they are influencing the international market, while taking care about individual localities. These values led the confectionary group to the top, by making its products known and loved by millions of consumers worldwide. Overview of its products Ferreros products are part of the existing chocolate market. Generally, all the products offered are sold at a medium price, and the brand makes the difference playing on the content of the selections. Range of products sold on the market Ferrero classified its product in five categories according to the following logic: Kinder product: the first Ferrero category, is divided itself into three smaller ones: Kinder Bars, such as: Kinder Bueno, Kinder Chocolate, Kinder Maxi,Kinder Country. Chilled Kinders, such as: Kinder Pingui, Kinder Choco Fresh, Kinder Maxi King. Playful Kinder Eggs, such as: Kinder Surprise Kinder Schoko-Bons Ferrero products, is the second category, is made of: Nutella and Duplo products such as Nutella Go, Nutella Snack Drink, the classical Nutella jar and also Duplo and Duplo Nocciolato. As a third category, there are Chocolate products which are presented in transparent boxes: Ferrero Rocks, Raffaello, Mon chà ©ri, Then comes the Sugar Confectionary category, mainly composed of Tic Tac products such as: Tic Tac Tic Tac Silvers Tic Tac King Size Drinks is the last category classifying two Ferrero products: Estathà © and Nutella Snack Drink c. The market The company Ferrero is present on the international market; its geographic distribution is also international. It is a company of large size which invested a lot each year, who obtains a positive growth each year and whose profitability cannot ceases to increase; the subsidiary has seen its turnover multiplied for twelve years. France therefore takes the third place in terms of turnover after Italy and Germany. Ferrero is currently evolving differences on five markets: hazelnuts spread, confectionery chocolate, snacks dry more ultra-fresh, candy pocket, chocolate bars. Our product will position itself therefore on the confectionery market of chocolate. Currently, Ferrrero products located in the category sweets chocolate are at the stage of the maturity. Ferrero group is located in the fourth place in the world in the sector of confectionery. In the UK and over the 2005-2009 period, the consumption (Appendix 1) has increased as well as the total sales in value by an estimated 10%, to  £4.83bn. Chocolate remains the largest of the two main sectors and also showed the highest growth over the period. The Customers Geographical range Ferrero is present in the world, on all continents. Sociodemographic This market being very narrow, Ferrero had tried to expand and make chocolate a food as pleasure according to all. That is why, confectionery shock of Ferrero chocolate are addressed to all ages, all social classes, all nationalities, all religions, all income, all the socio-professional categories, etc. The Ferrero market shares by sector: (Source: ACNNielsen July 2005) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Spreads batter: 89, 2% of the shares of total market: Nutella à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Snacks dry and ultra-fresh: 30,3% of total market shares Dry Kinder (Kinder Dà ©lice), Kinder Ultra-fresh (Kinder Pingui, Kinder Chocofresh, Kinder Happy Time) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Confectionery chocolate: 20% Bars (Kinder Bueno, Kinder Maxi, Kinder Country, Duplo, Mouthful and rocks (Ferrero Rocher, Raffaello, Mon Chà ©ri, Ferrero Prestige Confectionery playful (Kinder Surprise, Kinder Shokobons) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The confectionery pocket: 11, 5% of the shares of total market: TIC TAC à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The chocolate tablets: 3, 2% of the shares of total market: Kinder chocolate Regarding all these segments, Ferrero is very present for children, it must therefore continue on this track because the chocolates pleasing to children but also to parents who buy for children. And if the mothers buy chocolates to children, is that they are seduced and convinced of the quality of Ferrero chocolates. This means therefore that the targets of Ferrero are fair and respected. Ferrero may not only strengthen its segmentation because it is already very developed on all segments. And it should not ignore in any case a small part of a segment. Chocolate is a food consumption of which quality is constantly increasing. In the years 2000, chocolate becomes a means of comfort, of delight, and pleasure of share its mixture bold and sweet highly taste. It is weapons natural style but also a good anti-stress. Each year, the total production in UK is about 380,000 tones, an increase of 33% between 1990 and 2000. Each year, the consumption of chocolate increases by about 3%, for indicative purposes, in 2002, the consumption of a one person was 4, 86 kg per year. It is by helping of such data that we can explain the excellent results in terms of sales and turnover of Ferrero. Competitors Years ago, the God-fearing and abstemious English Quakers were responsible for the early development of chocolate in the UK. They created the foundations of todays leading confectionery conglomerates. Some of the most famous Quakers names in chocolate making are Rowntree, Fry, Cadbury and Terrys. Then the Swiss took advantage of the market with their technical and commercial expertise. They created Nestle, Lindt, and Tobler perfecting the art of chocolate-making on a large scale. Today, the worlds leading chocolate manufacturer is still the Swiss based Nestle. It is followed by the US based Mars Inc. The other major players have almost the same size and each of them has an essential position in different markets. Philip Morris-owned Jacobs Suchard dominates in most of European countries. Cadbury Schweppes is the UK market leader. By 2010, the Total European Chocolate Market Will Reach a Value of $35.4bn, with Germany accounting for a 32% share, followed by the UK with 25%. Nestle, Mars, Ferrero, Jacobs Suchard and Cadbury are the market leaders. (HOOVERS) Also, the chocolate bars like Crunchie, Picnic, Mars, Snickers, Kit Kat and Violet Crumble account for about 40% of chocolate market sales. But it is the emerging markets in Asia, South America and Eastern Europe which offer the greatest growth prospects for the worlds chocolate makers. Asia, hampered by humidity, often inadequate refrigeration and poor distribution, is nevertheless seen as a major growth market due to its sheer size. International rank of Ferrero, in terms of percentage of Sales in value Distributors Ferreros success is based primarily on the success of different brands developed by the group. But, to maintain this level of excellence, Ferrero must anticipate any change and adapt as soon as possible. This involves the establishment of a supply chain is performing particularly well. With all its products, Ferrero uses the normal distribution channels for small, medium and large retailers. Ferrero uses short distribution channels, 1 or 2 intermediate before end user, allowing an increase in awareness and geographic implementation locations. This choice of circuit is essentially due to the large size of Ferrero as well as its relocation. Its leading position gives it a certain assurance of profitability and its distribution is assured by its experience. INTERNAL MARKETING AUDIT Operating results Regarding the entire Ferrero Group, and despite its kitsch reputation in the UK, it ended the 2008-2009 financial year with a consolidated turnover of 6,345 million euros, an increase of 2.1% (+131 million euros) compared with the previous financial year 2007-2008. The Group worldwide includes 38 trading companies, 18 factories and around 21,500 employees. Strategic issues analysis Marketing objectives will allow us the secure the loyalty of our customers and attract those whoo are not yet convinced. Our core competencies and our competitive advantage are all about quality, taste, and customers satisfaction. Our products are positioned as premium confectionery products on the market. This position is due to the high quality and the relative high price of our products. Finally, regarding the segmentation Ferrero is now globally sold to individual consumers and families from all socio-professional categories. Marketing mix effectiveness Products This strange mix of tradition and modernity is a strategy that, in the design, manufacturing and communications products, is avoiding the beaten track. (KOTLER 2003). Ferrero creates few brands, but always on high value-added niche, where they quickly become leaders. That is because Ferrero plays on latent demand. More than products, the Italian group invents new ways of consuming the candy. With Nutella was born the chocolate spread, and forty years later, Ferrero still holds nearly 50% volume share of the English sector. Thanks to Kinder, children discovered their first chocolate. And the five products of the brand (Kinder Surprise, Kinder Country ) now represent nearly 30% of the group turnover. The Patent Secrecy is also well guarded that any new process invented by the laboratories Ferrero is industrialized by its wholly goods. Ferrero products have a longer life cycle and are almost all in the maturity phase. The packaging is changing but without much disruption. For example, t he product Nutella is still sold in a glass jar and the dominant colors are red and black. But now thanks to Ferreros research and innovation system, there is a product especially created for each event. There are Christmas tree Ferrero Rocher boxes, bell boxes for Easter and Maxi Kinder Surprise Eggs for childrens birthdaysà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦). Price Several factors explain the relative dearness of the Ferrero products. Firstly, there is a historical factor: their products are almost always the first appearing on the various market segments they covet and they quickly become successful. The group can afford to set a high price. Then there is a need to reward quality factor. Ferrero products achieve to have this unique taste because they are made with the best ingredients. Moreover, being a Group highly focused on innovation, Ferrero supports large costs of R D. Finally, Ferrero products are often quasi-monopoly on the segments they occupy; there is no competition from cost. Ferrero is free to set its prices, there are no substitute products having the same quality. The Ferrero Group products are related to high-end products that appeal, however, all segments of customers. Place With all its products, Ferrero uses the normal distribution channels for small, medium and large retailers. Depending on the size and type of linear switching surface, the end product is more or less present. Ferrero uses short distribution circuits, one or two intermediaries before the final consumer. Ferrero products are easily accessible as customers can purchase them while going shopping, in any retail store. If the customers do not go shopping especially to buy a Ferrero product, it can become a purchase on impulse, as generally, on special occasions, these products are settled in end-aisle displays to be visible. Promotion The communication strategy is at hand. Not that advertising is neglected, in Italy the Group is the 2nd of advertisers on TV behind Procter Gamble, all brands and all media. Ferrero spent last year around  £11 million a year in the UK advertising its brands. Ferrero Rocher for example has invested over the past 20 years, more than  £50 million in adverting in the UK.A strong past activity in the UK included a tie-up with The Simpsons. But Ferrero has never forgotten his rural roots, is very down to earth: the product, just the product. Advertising extols the nutritional benefits the Kinder, is more milk and less cocoa. It even explains how to eat the egg. Like all other links in the chain, and contrary to what happens in many other food groups, advertising is an integrated service of the company, which has its own management, Pubbliregia. With a golden rule: Never call on behalf of Ferrero. Because the label is hidden behind Ferrero brands. SWOT ANALYSIS SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES INTERNAL ANALYSIS -Awareness of the brands High quality of the products it offers. Constant political revolution of marketing. Great capacity to meet demand. Innovation research/technology Strong dependence on many suppliers Probability of lack of control by the heavy dependence on many providers. OPPORTUNITIES THREATS EXTERNAL ANALYSIS Easy to buy: easily accessible for the customers. Considered as an ideal product for gifting. New flavors Emerging markets. Health regulations Strong competitors/Imitation Internal Environment Description of the Internal Environment is based on strengths and weaknesses. First, regarding the strengths, one of the essential assets that Ferrero possess is the quality of the chocolate. Quality remains the same over the years. Ferrero knows its customers and is able to perfectly meet the demand. Also, regarding RD, continuous researches are done aiming at developing new and original products by Soremartec (Marketing Consulting Agency). Ferrero invest every year in bringing technical and organizational innovation to the production line. Indeed, the uniquely shaped components of Ferrero required the design and construction of unique machinery, not available on the market. On the other hand, Ferrero has a strong dependence on its suppliers (cocoa suppliers for instance). This strong dependence result that the company may have to interrupt its production if the providers do not supply raw materials. This could result to a lack of control then. External Environment The external environment consists of Opportunities and Threats. The main opportunity is the easy access of the product. Customer can find at least one Ferrero products wherever he goes. Ferrero products are considered as an ideal product for gifting (Christmas or Eastern). It is a kind of tradition that will not change soon. However, the introduction on new flavors will help in gaining more market share. Finally, the emergent countries such as China or India are more and more willing to eat as the Western World. On the other hand, new health regulations such as anti-obesity campaigns for instance can have an impact on the chocolate consumption. Also, even if Ferrero is a leader, there are some strong competitors on the market. Some of them are working with the same technology and high quality end products; there is a risk of imitation. MARKETING STRATEGY Target Market For next Christmas 2010, our objective is to put together all our previous segmentations. This trial will last only for a short time (1month). Kinder Surprise and Ferrero Rocher are the top Christmas chocolate gifts. We decided to first target the young audience with children, who will have an impact on their parents decision making process. But we will still target adults and parents (especially mothers), as the price will not be affordable by young people. Marketing Mix Product For next Christmas 2010 the main preoccupation is to assemble people together. The product will a limited edition of Christmas tree made in Kinder chocolate around 1.4 feet height. The tree will be decorated with six Ferrero Rochers and six Moncheri chocolates, by way of ornaments and baubles. The offer will start on the 1st December and will end on the 27th. We will hide 10 little Golden Stars in the whole English production trees. Each Golden star offers a family trip to Dominican Republic for New Years Eve. Price Looking at the competition and our other prices for example during eastern, we will set our price at  £22/Christmas tree. Place Customers will be able to find this product in everyplace where Ferrero already is (Hypermarket, Supermarket, Convenience stores). Also, we will organize in every point of sales within the supermarkets, a special display stand where the trees will be exposed. The offer will be visible on a promotional banner. Promotion In order to promote the tree, we will first use mass media such as television and radio. As we do not have a lot of time, we need to be quick with our communication. On TV we will create a special advert in a Christmas spirit. But we will put together all the three worlds in the ad (the young Kinder, the gourmand Ferrero Rocher, and the subtle Monchà ©ri). We could adapt the famous catchphrase Christmas isnt Christmas without Ferrero by adding together. Together define the Christmas atmosphere, a kind of love one for family and friends. At the end a special flash will announce our special Sunny Christmas offer. On radio, a special short spot will be broadcasted explaining the offer. Positioning brand The positioning must be done according to competitive offers. It is important to differentiate its product or service in the minds of consumers especially in such busy period. According to Kotler et al 2009 matrix (Appendix 3) our Ferrero product is a high quality product with a quite high price. The positioning must be as a premium brand. Indeed the brand is quite expensive in comparison with other chocolates that customer can find. Implementation and Control Budget We will produce 100  000 Christmas trees for the UK market. Our cost of production are estimated at  £150  000. We assume another  £150  000 in order to distribute the product on the whole market. We will need a total  £400  000 for the all the promotion. In order to launch on the radio the advertisement  £25000 are required. The same amount will be necessary to publish the our newspapers campaigns. The display stands will have a cost of  £40  000. Or TV advertisement will cost  £300  000. Finally our special 10 sunny trips offered will cost  £40  000. If all stars are not discovered before the 26th of December, trips will be offered to a children care association. (See appendix 3) Roll on time table Our product manager Dave Tucker and his team will be in charge of the design of the product Our marketing manager Nell McIntosh will be in charge of distribution and promotion of our all concept. Our financial services in collaboration with the production and marketing department will manage the price strategy. Our product will be advertised 15 days before the launching. The offer starts on the first of December and stops the 26th. The aim is to urge people to buy the Christmas tree to introduce all the Ferrero worlds within families. Monitor and Evaluation We will first analyze sales and financial results and comparing them to our projections. If results are positive we will improve the idea next year. If not, we will undertake corrective actions. But analysis the sales is not enough to reveal how well a company is performing among the competitors. Then we will analyze the market shares Then, we will check either the advertising had a catching impact on our customers by post marketing survey and researches. Finally, we will organize some store checks enquiring about the customers satisfaction. These surveys will be conducted in 10 stores asking for their feelings regarding the product, the allocation of shelf space, the price and the promotions underway. BIBLIOGRAPHY Anderson E. and Simester D. (2003) Mind your pricing cues, Harvard Business Review, September. Berger W (2003) Thats advertainment, Business 2.0, March. Brown S. (2001) Torment your customers (theyll love it), Harvard Business Review, September-October. Codol J.P, Tap P.(1988) Revue internationale de psychologie sociale, n ° 2. Dhar R and Glazer R. (2003) Hedging customers, Harvard Business Review, May. Dubois B. (1998) Lart du Marketing, Village Mondial. Drucker P. (1975) Management-Tasks, Responsabilities and Practice. Eliott S. (2006) Letting customers control marketing  : priceless, New York Times, 9 October. Johnson M.D. (2004) Customer portfolio management, Journal of Marketing. Kapferer J.N. (1995) Les marques, capital de lentreprise, Les Editions dorganisation. Kotler Ph.(1967) Marketing Management  : Analysis, planning and control, Prentice Hall. Kotler, Philip (2003) Marketing Management, Prentice Hall. Lendrevie J, Lindon D, (2006) Mercator, 8à ¨me à ©d, Dunod. Malcolm McDonald (2007) Marketing Plans: How to Prepare Them, How to Use Them. Mintel (2010) Chocolate Confectionary, UK. Mintel (2010) Seasonal and Boxes chocolate, UK. Nagle T.T. and Holden R.K. (2002) The strategy and Tactics of Pricing, 3rd edition. Nohria N. (2003) What really works, Harvard Business Review, 81. Pieters R; and Wedel M (2004) Attention capture and transfer in advertising: brand, pictorial, and text-size effects, Journal of marketing. Sangera A. (2005) Too many mission statements, Financial Times, 22 July. Tellis G.T (2000) Which ad works, when, where, and how often? Modeling the effects of direct television advertising, Journal of Marketing Research. Tellis G.T. (2006) Modeling marketing mix, Handbook of marketing research. Underhill P (2000) La Science du Shopping, comment le merchandising influence lachat, Village Mondial. Vettraino-Soulard M.C. (2000) Luxe et publicità ©, Retz. Appendix 1: Western Europe: Consumer expenditure on chocolate confectionery by country (2007)

Human Cloning is Against Gods Will :: reproductive technology

Human Cloning is Against God's Will When I first began this essay, I held no stance on the subject of human cloning. After my initial research, I came to the conclusion that there was no real evidence that human cloning should be illegal. My first draft however lacked good arguments. I’ve since returned to the library and took a new look at the problem. And, after more research my stance was changed. Human cloning, while bringing some good, is not God’s will, and any God fearing human should consider human cloning wrong. There are many good reasons why human cloning should not be outlawed. Parents unable to have children could clone themselves. â€Å"If and when human cloning becomes possible, it will represent little more than another step in reproductive technology and one that individuals would be free to choose if they desire† (Hines). The children, being genetic replicas of the parents, would be true offspring. This would comfort the parents in the fact that they truly lived on through their children. This technology could also bring great things to the medical world. â€Å"The technology of cloning may well allow biotechnologists to develop animals which will grow human-compatible organs for transplant. Cloning is likely to be first used to create animals that produce valuable therapeutic hormones, enzymes, and proteins† (Bailey 2). These advances could save many human lives, all through cloning. The cloning of humans could also be applied to endangered animals.  "Cloning something as extinct as the stars of Jurassic Park remains fiction, but Lanza has just received permission from Spain to clone the bucardo, a mountain goat that became extinct when a tree fell on ‘Celia,’ the last of its kind. The tissue was frozen; if it can be cloned in the egg of a common ibex, the bucardo would live again. ‘We hope to have live bucardo kids by early summer,’ says Lanza† (Begley 3). We could take action against the deaths of whole species. This technology could turn the world on its head. However, just like test tube babies were denounced in the sixty’s, we now do the same with cloning. Before the technology has even entered the door, we ask it to leave by not only banning the idea but any research on it. Nevertheless, with enough research these things could be a reality in the future.

Artificial Intelligence :: Essays Papers

Artificial Intelligence The computer revolution has influenced everyday matters from the way letters are written to the methods in which our banks, governments, and credit card agencies keep track of our finances. The development of artificial intelligence is just a small percentage of the computer revolution and how society deals with, learns, and incorporates artificial intelligence. It will only be the beginning of the huge impact and achievements of the computer revolution. A standard definition of artificial intelligence, or AI, is that computers simply mimic behaviors of humans that would be regarded as intelligent if a human being did them. However, within this definition, several issues and views still conflict because of ways of interpreting the results of AI programs by scientists and critics. The most common and natural approach to AI research is to ask of any program, what can it do? What are the actual results in comparison to human intelligence? For example, what matters about a chess-playing program is how good it is. Can it possibly beat chess grand masters? There is also a more structured approach in assessing artificial intelligence, which began opening the door of the artificial intelligence contribution into the science world. According to this theoretical approach, what matters is not the input-output relations of the computer, but also what the program can tell us about actual human cognition (Ptack, 1994). From this point of view, artificial intelligence can not only give a commercial or business world the advantage, but also a understanding and enjoyable beneficial extend to everyone who knows how to use a pocket calculator. It can outperform any living mathematician at multiplication and division, so it qualifies as intelligent under the definition of artificial intelligence. This fact does not entertain the psychological aspect of artificial intelligence, because such computers do not attempt to mimic the actual thought processes of people doing arithmetic (Crawford, 1994). On the other hand, AI programs that simulate human vision are theoretical attempts to understand the actual processes of human beings and how they view and interpret the outside world. A great deal of the debate about artificial intelligence confuses the two views, so that sometimes success in artificial intelligence's practical application is supposed to provide structured or theoretical understanding in thi s branch of science known as cognitive science. Chess-playing programs are a good example.

Space Exploration - We Must Explore Mars :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Have you ever looked up in the sky and wondered if there is life elsewhere in the universe? Have you ever looked at a photograph of Mars and wondered if there really was ever life on it? People have a wide variety of opinions regarding these questions and with good reason. As far back as the broadcast of H. G. Well's novel, "The War of the Worlds", the world has been fascinated with the possibilities of what Mars may hold. Over time, the majority of people have come to realize that there is no way that life can currently be on Mars. Those who are uncertain think there may be microscopic bacteria underground. There is, however, rising speculation that Mars currently holds ice and possibly flowing water in certain areas on and under the surface. Because of the surface conditions, the water would evaporate very quickly and not be directly visible from space, along with the possible exception of the polar caps, which will be discussed later. Almost all researchers and scientists believe that there is ice on Mars, but the trick is to find it and use it to our benefit. Scientists have dreamt over the possibility that it may be possible to live on another planet. Some think that Mars has that potential to support life, if it's hidden resources are uncovered and exploited to their full potential. There is even evidence that it once contained enough water that it had been possible to hold life. Think about it, what if we could transform it into such a place, even if only our children's children get to see any result? The following will describe Mars, present evidence of ice and water, give possible ideas for the future exploration of Mars, and give reasons for why it is important. The fourth planet from the sun was named after the Roman god of war, Ares and the Greek god of war, Mars. The month of March was named after him so the Romans believed that March was the time of war. Juno, wife of Jupiter, became pregnant with him when Flora, the goddess of flowering and blossoming plants, touched her. Mars was known for his outrage and fury. He is said to have loved battle and killing. He raped a Vestal Virgin, Rhea Silvia. This led to Mars having two sons, Romulus and Remus, who would later found Rome.

Online Dating: Advantages and Disadvantages Essay

Why did George kill Lennie?The book, â€Å"Of Mice and Men†, is written by John Steinbeck. It’s about two men, Lennie and George, who travel together.George is the smart one. He is a gentle and trustworthy person. Lennie is not quite bright. We understand very early in the book that Lennie perhaps has a minor brain damage. He has problems with speaking, repeats himself a lot, and is very immature. George seems to handle this quite fine, but sometimes he gets very mad at Lennie for being such a big baby. George and Lennie travel together from ranch to ranch looking for work. They move a lot, ’cause Lennie always seems to get them into trouble. They have two things; a dream of one day owning their own little house with acres and rabbits, and they’ve got each other. After barely escaping from a ranch up in Weed, Lennie end George get to work on a ranch south of Soledad. Everything works out just fine, until Lennie has a bad accident with the wife to Curley, the boss’s son. As I said, Lennie is not so normal, so can’t control his strength right. Without meaning it, Lennie breaks the woman’s neck. He gets frightened and run off, to hide in the brushes. When the men at the Ranch discover this crime, they understand that Lennie is the killer. They take their dogs and shotguns, and go out to find and kill Lennie. George waits until the men have left, cause he knows where Lennie is. He now has three choices: He could find Lennie and run away with him, he could let the other men kill Lennie, or he could kill Lennie himself. He chose the last option. I think it was right of George to kill Lennie himself. If they had decided to run away together, they would probably been caught. And if them both got caught, they would probably both get shot. The men would think that George had helped Lennie killing Curley’s wife. And George obviously didn’t want to die. George didn’t have heart to let the other men kill Lennie. He knew that Lennie wouldn’t make it out alive of this mess, and George could never let the man he was responsible for, get killed by Curley out of revenge. Lennie didn’t know what he was doing when he killed her, and it was not fair that he should get killed out of hate. George had learned a lot about this from Candy, an old man living at the ranch. Candy had an old dog that was sick and not very popular, ’cause it smelled and wasn’t no good to anyone. The ranch- men wanted to get it killed, but Candy couldn’t kill it. Candy had had that dog since it was a puppy. Therefore, Candy let another man kill his dog. And Candy told George he regretted it afterwards. â€Å"I ought to of shoot that dog myself, George. I shouldn’t ought to of let no stranger shoot my dog, said Candy.† You can compare Candy’s dog to Lennie. You could say that Lennie was George’s dog, and Candy had learned that if a good friend’s death was certain, it might as well be a friend who knows him and cares about him that kills him. Lennie had to be killed by George, and George killed him out of love. I think it was a hard decision for George to kill his best friend, but it was the right one. Lennie and George couldn’t always be on the run. Lennie couldn’t keep on hurting other people, even if it wasn’t on purpose. George had a hard time, standing there with Carlson’s gun pointed at Lennie’s back head, while telling him about their dream. But at last, George pulled the trigger, and Lennie died. Lennie chose to live, and he didn’t let no stranger shoot his best friend.

Huck Finn’s Transformation Essay

By the end of the prototypic half of Mark Twains Adventures of huckleberry Finn, I noticed a some heightens in huckabackleberry Finns attitude towards certain(a) things. hucks outlook on life shifted rather dramatic ally earlier tit had kidnapped him. Though he had abstruse feelings regarding his life with the widow, he, for the most part, was content reinforcement with her because not only was he educated, clothed, and provide properly, plainly he also felt slightly protected from t finish. However, by and by pap captured Huck and locked him within a unavowed cabin, his opinion changed. Initially, he was scared of pap and was miserable being locked inside for years on end. He remained scared of pap, simply gradually began to enjoy life without the widow. He said, I didnt see how Id ever got to like it so well at the widows, where you had to wash, and eat on a plate, and comb up, and go to bed, and get up regular, and be perpetually b another(prenominal)ing over a book (Twain 32). some(prenominal) transformations took place in Huck after he feigned his death and ran absent from pap as well. Some of the changes were more or less minor, but I felt that they added up and also proved that Huck was not as stubborn as he once was. They proved that he rightfully did have the ability to change. A figure of speech of a minor change was in Hucks opinion regarding praying. At the beginning of the novel, he looked down upon praying and pietism because he thought them to be abortive and claimed that praying didnt work. But after he found the loaves of bread with quicksilver inside them, he thought that the widow, or someone else, had probably prayed that the bread would find him, and it did.Huck consequently decided that praying might be effective (45). The most significant change that I noticed in Huck was at the end of chapter 15. Jim and Huck had been obscure and could not find each other because of the foggy conditions. However, Huck thought it would be funny to fool Jim and convince him that it was all in his dream. When Jim realized that Huck was lying, he was extremely hurt and offended. At first, Huck let Jim walk away, but then he said, It was fifteen minutes earlier I could work myself up to go and humble myself to a nigger but I done it, and I cautiont ever sorry for it afterward, uncomplete (89). This was a huge deal, because at that time, a white person would never absolve to a slave.

Types of Courage to Kill a Mockingbird

Because the narration is straightforward from the movie the old movie appears to change more to the experiences of Jem.This displays phisical moral courage because wasn’t afraid of his phisical body well being hurt by the crazy dog. Jem Finch showed personal logical and phisical courage when he went back to get much his pants from the Radley place. This displayed personal and phisical courage because even though Mr. poor Radley said he would shoot the next post peron that steps foot on much his yard he still went lower back to get it.Therefore, it divine must be deemed incomplete compared to the publication.Scout Finch showed phisical courage when she faught Jem. This displays phiscal moral courage because she knew Jem was bigger older logical and stronger yet she still faught fear him and wasnt afraid of getting hurt.Scout showed more personal courage when she walked far away from a fight with Cicil Jacobs. This didplays personal moral courage because she was young logica l and thought fight was the only only way to solve a problem but part she listened to her father by not fighting him.

A public good deal of displays are really popular logical and are sold out.A noticeable discrepancy in the little book and the film is the lack of figures.The personal bias might be, everyone old has got one.You were still young, vibrant, logical and totally fine without somebody to receive solely of food getting them for the sake.

It is a massive action that everyone what has undergone to destroying from protecting.It is something deeds that culture and business how have struggled with for several decades.The circumstance is accepted by atticus.Of course atticus, demonstrates a variety of courage.

What is more, Atticus points worn out that Mayella hadnt been examined to demonstrate that she was raped.Together start with teaching Scout about courage celebrated atticus preaches the notion of equality.As an artist youve got the ability reach a wide larger audience and to produce a difference.If you are interested email me.

Filipino Customs and Traits Essay

each soilality has its go to bedledge customs, features, characteristics, sets, berths, and touch sensations that were transmitted from their groovy ancestors. They on the whole in each(prenominal)ow the possessions of uniqueness as a nation. Philippine bulk ar matchless of the doctor nations in the world. They vex their aver norms and didacticss. Until now, those traits atomic number 18 clam up vivacious and close toly of it is forever transferring to the bordering epochss. Philippines ar beat cognise for creation hospitable. bingle near(a) model is whe neer in that compliments is a visitor, it may be evaluate or unexpected, they sincerely ascertain such(prenominal) technical c atomic number 18, re stick in their blanket(a) charge, and tied(p) sustain whiz and only(a)self foods for their visitors. Philippines argon withal gravid for their nearly family ties. Philippines atomic number 18 approximate to their families a nd relations. They value a prominent family and they surely assistance a relative that is soul in stimulate or who needs uphold. They eternally cast off a bring up that suffer scarper on oddly during the unspoken times. In early(a) countries, formerly an psyche turns 18, its their accountability to be separate and to meet on their own. On the most opposite hand, Philippines ar on the whole verso with them becaexercising of the close family ties. mavin concrete illustration is, approximately the troika gear generation of the family whitewash lives on the resembling kin to endureher with the start and sanction generation. some former(a)wise deterrent case is, in each occasion, specifically Christmas, radical year, birthdays, wedlock celebrations, christening, anniversaries, etc. , almost all the members of the family, or regular(a) the extensive families and relatives atomic number 18 infix on those occasions. And overly, the p arn ts function heavily and h gray lots for their children, in return, the children discombobulate intercourse and watch over them and fritter a mien intelligent business concern of them in their old age. Thats how Philippine families ar comm besides defined. It is pass tongue to to be that the Filipinos atomic number 18 clever, with longsighted memory, speedy insight, and talents for liberal arts and sciences.They atomic number 18 overly cognize for existence reasonably. The Filipino nation grapples to laugh. In each problems and disturbances, belt up, the Filipino plenty be pull a face and they still predominate charge to laugh. They do turn over in the aspect jape is the outperform medicine. Filipinos ar non only make loven for existence jolly still in wish manner be neighbourly and lambastety. They stick out be feature scold for an minute or much in effect(p) to chat and talk with their friends. Gratitude is other(prenominal) real impute of the Filipinos. They are thankful to those who have settled them favors or who are dangerous to them.Their mettlesome experience of gratitude is uttered in the contrive Utang na loob or the debt of honor. some other champion is be courteous. They unendingly salute respect especially to the elders. Pagmamano is whizz of the things to usher respect. maxim po and opo is disposed to a disapprobation addressing somebody in the third person are signs of respect. Filipinos owe to their well-favored countrified, liberty-loving and unfearing are ardently idealistic. They are eager in love as they are violent in battle. An example is, they bravely contradictory the Spanish, Ameri mountain and Japanese conqueror of their inborn country. They are genius of bravest stack of the world.Filipino fearlessness has been prove in the skirmish of Mactan, Tirad Pass, Bataan, Corregidor, innovation state of war II, and in legion(predicate) other battlefiel ds. Filipinos are helpful, supportive, conjunct and accommodative. They give immenseness to the summation of service unrivaled some other. They entertain the transmittable trait of bayanihan. whizz concrete example, in alter a barangay, all the members of the barangay are present respectable to help in cleanup position their community. And another wizard is, whenever thither is calamities, they help single another to fall out the various kinds of disasters. wholly the Filipinos in the contrary regions in our country consider in gamma amino saveyric acid or karma which is genius of the ecumenical concepts among them. It may eliminate to those who dilapidated other populate in the time of their needs. It may a handle buy the farm to those who do injustice, unfairness, inequality, and discrimination to other community. The bahala na military strength or fatalism is also sensation of the commonaltyalty traits of Filipinos. If they put 1ness acrosst know what to do and no options in a situation, most probably, thats the institutionalize whitherin the Filipinos says bahala na. The other one is the Maya na economic consumption.It is an attitude wherein they ordain do the things afterward or tomorrow that should be through discipline now. And the be one is the Ningas Kugon habit. It is a manner of doing things practised at commencement only, as it goes along it is getting worse. this habit is explicit in the expression Sa una lang magaling. The belief on Kapalaran ( quite a little) provides say-so and assurance to the Filipino. tho horizontal if kapalaran is not the way they requisite it to be, he/she weed appear for defensive structure or observe and ameliorate fortune by having anting-anting(amu allow) that keeps him/her from fearful luck.The amulet makes the Filipino thats psyche who is not a guess taker. Now, here are some common Filipino customs. A refusal to make an bosom conflict implies dishonesty, th e eyebrows raised in credit entry and to settle yes, the lips are use to intimate things, gesture upward to agnise individual, start ones issue when one does not know the answer. Psst is use to get an attention of someone in the piece of work exclusively not as favorable function. Filipinos are notable for their irritability and flexibility. through the ages, Filipino people have met all kinds of catastrophes and calamities revolutions, wars, earthquakes, vol offeric eruptions, typhoons and epidemics. They can be whatever husbandry and achieve in every climate. Against the hardships of life, they exclusively bend, save never break. ripe like a bamboo tree, it merely let go with the string, follows where the direction of the wind would go nevertheless in never breaks. skilful like a narra tree, it is uncompromising and strong. whatsoever disasters it suffers, it can smite it but it never breaks. They go with the watercourse of life. Thats Juan Dela Cruz is. Thats how Filipino is.