People Of The Setting Sun Essays - The Setting Sun, Naoji

Individuals Of The Setting Sun Close examination of The Setting Sun by Dazai Osamu permits one to see a specific family fight changing occasions that are influencing an entire country of individuals. Resembled from multiple points of view by the creator's own existence, we perceive how this profound message is something beyond a fiction story. As a country, Japan had quite recently given up to the U.S. finishing their interest in WWII. With the finish of this fight, another one on the home front started. It could be said, the custom of Japan kicked the bucket with the war; there is a positive going of an age/time of individuals. The nation is currently trapped in a condition of stun as they attempt to bits together new lives. This is in no way, shape or form a basic undertaking when convention is pulling from one side and a deluge of current ways and thoughts are pulling from the other. Through the investigation of Mother, Kazuko, and Naoji, the idea of a country battling to get a handle on another cutting edge ch aracter while adapting to the decay of a social request that has remained steadfast for such huge numbers of years is unfurled from start to finish making blended sentiments of expectation and sadness for the individuals of the setting sun. Due to WWII, Kazuko and her mom must leave Tokyo and set up occupants in close by town. Kazuko's sibling, Naoji, has been battling in the war and upon its decision, gets back home to his sister and mom with a horrendous chronic drug use. Naoji has a craftsman companion who goes about as a coach/drinking amigo. The demise of the mother shows the death of an age, and the self destruction of Naoji epitomizes the sentiments of wretchedness and misery that glide over Japan. Kazuko turns into the heroin of the story when she makes a positive involvement with the center of this turbulent time. She bears a kid which goes about as an image for a new beginning and new expectation during when that is exactly what is required. The starting scene of the novel is an extraordinary portrayal for the sort of ladies that Mother was. By clarifying how she eats her soup or small's in the nursery, we can see that she is taken a gander at by her kids similar to a decent blue-blood. She had class, however was not hesitant to act in her own particular manners. In the end individuals had to deal with her because of her bombing wellbeing, yet not even once do you see her mentality change to the negative. As she dieed, she never grumbled about her condition. She is among the remainder of an age of good blue-bloods; her standards and ethics about how life ought to be lived are biting the dust with her, while the methods of the new occasions are hurrying in with the new nobility. Casualties. Survivors of a transitional time of profound quality. That is the thing that we both surely are. She invests wholeheartedly in the way that she has permitted her kids an association with the benefit of the past times while they endeavo r to deal with the change into the advanced world. This is obvious in the manner that she treats Naoji on his appearance back home. He gets a similar measure of adoration as Kazuko even while he unmitigatedly affronts and debases his body and culture. Her passing makes another life in Kazuko, while having an impact in a definitive demise of her child. Her job in kicking the bucket summarizes her job in the novel, as her heartbeat was being taken by the attendant, looked out for by Naoji and myself, her two youngsters, my wonderful mother, who was the last woman in Japan. Kazuko has lived with her mom from starting as far as possible. She has cherished the time gone through with last of the genuine blue-bloods. At the point when the war has finished, she needs to manage such a significant number of issues that a sentiment of misery appears to hide over her character. She clarifies that affection and insurgency are what causes the individuals to go, Before the war, in any event, during the war, we were persuaded of it. Since the annihilation, in any case, we no longer trust the more established and savvier heads and have come to feel that the inverse

The Governments and States of Locke, Aquinas, and Essay Example For Students

The Governments and States of Locke, Aquinas, and Essay St. AugustineIn John Lockes Second Treatise of Government, he recognizes a legislature that is of the people groups assent with his basic raison d;#900;etre being the safeguarding and security of individual property. This sort of government is very practically identical with the kind of government that St. Augustine portrays in his work City of God, while simultaneously differentiates the perspectives on Aquinas in the manners a state ought to work. The ultimate objective of how every one of these scholars states purposes presents the best split between every one of their methods of reasoning. To see how every one of these rationalists states are comparative and not the same as one another, a more profound investigation is essential. The first and potentially most striking similitude between the states that both Locke and St. Augustine propose lies in the way that both consider the to be as a vital underhandedness. Locke portrays the ideal life as one in the condition of nature, wher e there are boundless limits to opportunity. Inside these boundless limits to do anything you desire lays the capacity for others to do mischief to you and your property, since they have total opportunity also. So as to defeat this absence of security, Locke depicts the state as an essential underhandedness which one must surrender certain opportunities so as to be ensured under the standard of law. This is like St. Augustine in the regard that inside the world there are insidious men who will do mischief to other people. Augustine contends that laws are important to ensure that individuals can live with the genuine feelings of serenity that they are shielded from the wrongdoings of others. We will compose a custom exposition on The Governments and States of Locke, Aquinas, and explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now One of the differentiating focuses the conditions of Aquinas and Locke have is established in how each state should set up and choose their laws. Aquinas contends that we should set up our laws dependent on high ethics, which all men could concur on, and on the high standards of common law. Locke can't help contradicting this in the regard that all men are Tabula Rasa, which start life as clear records and build up their perspectives and thoughts dependent on the encounters they are presented to. As indicated by Locke the men in the territory of Aquinas would all have various encounters and spot significance on various ethics and beliefs. Along these lines, Locke contends that so as to have a genuine arrangement of laws, they should be founded on exceptionally strong establishments which can't be dependent upon contention. Such establishments would be the assurance of property, just as the conservation of a people individual rights and opportunities. The job of the legislature accord ing to Locke is exceptionally basic. It is to ensure the harmony, wellbeing, security, and open great of the individuals. Locke comes to this end result from the thinking behind leaving the condition of nature and entering common society. We leave the condition of nature (impeccable opportunity and flawless balance) so as to be liberated from being encroached upon by others. In spite of the fact that we should surrender a portion of our opportunities for assurance, they are little contrasted with the advantages of security that we get from common society. To streamline things, we can just allude to the job of government as to ensure our private property. This private property incorporates our lives, individual rights, and physical articles. All together for the administration to carry out its responsibility effectively, Locke accepts that each of the three of these must be secured. Aquinas is in opposition to Locke in the regard that he accepts the essential job of the administration is to improve its residents individuals. Aquinas accepts that the residents of a state will get good on the off chance that they are more than once compelled to submit to laws that depend on temperance. As indicated by Aquinas, man is a being that capitulates to sin. So as to make man increasingly moral he should be continually helped to remember decides that are ethical in their own right. The reason behind these righteous guidelines is that if man is compelled to experience them of a standard premise, in the end they will focus on of him and he will become idealistic himself. Aquinas would even say that the excellencies that would be made into laws are divine, and to conflict with them is conflict with God himself. This thought nobody can restrict the administration in view of its godliness is a point that Locke contradicts radically. .u74f171aba53da4f7edc58504994ba3da , .u74f171aba53da4f7edc58504994ba3da .postImageUrl , .u74f171aba53da4f7edc58504994ba3da .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u74f171aba53da4f7edc58504994ba3da , .u74f171aba53da4f7edc58504994ba3da:hover , .u74f171aba53da4f7edc58504994ba3da:visited , .u74f171aba53da4f7edc58504994ba3da:active { border:0!important; } .u74f171aba53da4f7edc58504994ba3da .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u74f171aba53da4f7edc58504994ba3da { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u74f171aba53da4f7edc58504994ba3da:active , .u74f171aba53da4f7edc58504994ba3da:hover { obscurity: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u74f171aba53da4f7edc58504994ba3da .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .u74f171aba53da4f7edc58504994ba3da .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .u74f171aba53da4f7edc58504994ba3da .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u74f171aba53da4f7edc58504994ba3da .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u74f171aba53da4f7edc58504994ba3da:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u74f171aba53da4f7 edc58504994ba3da .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u74f171aba53da4f7edc58504994ba3da-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u74f171aba53da4f7edc58504994ba3da:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Science Essay TopicLocke sees all men in the state as equivalent on all levels, with no man in a condition of disparity. This varies from Aquinas and St. Augustine whom accept that the pioneer (even a dictator) was one which god put over all others. In the administration made by Locke, the residents reserve each option to rebel against a harsh despot. Locke accepts this on the grounds that the administration is a body that is made out of the wants of the lion's share. On the off chance that the legislature or dictator isn't submitting to the majoritys wants, at that point the individuals have a central obligation to introduce anot her administration. Clearly, this Lockean thought of dominant part rule is totally in opposition to the celestial principle in the works of Aquinas and St. Augustine. By and large, the fundamental distinction between the states that are introduced by the three scholar lies by they way they accept the residents will tie to the political network. Locke accepts that the conservation of rights and security of property ties the residents together. Then again, Aquinas and St. Augustine accept that the residents will assemble around the possibility that they are following the desires and wants of a prevalent heavenly force, with ideological harmony among the individuals. These two distinct perspectives make rather various social orders, each with its qualities and shortcomings. Contentions can be made on either side of the coin that one of the states is more strong than the other. When taking a gander at them from an individual angle, it tends to be sheltered to state that individuals are increasingly inclined to agreeing with the Lockean state. The foundation of this resting in all people want to have their thoughts and conclusions regarded among others. The Lockean state gives a possibility to this with larger part rule and opportunity being put over all others. The state laid out by Aquinas and St. Augustine doesn't; in the regard that the individuals in their state would be compelled to adhere to the perfect laws spread out for them with no possibility for individual convictions. When taking a gander at useful authentic instances of these two states, we can see the Lockean form in the United States. Albeit still apparently youthful in regard to the remainder of the world, the U.S. is a blending pot of people groups from a plenty of various foundations and goals. Inside this mixture everybody appears to get along on the grounds that singular opportunities are not stepped on. Or maybe, the state and government is increasingly worried about ensuring every individual opportunities. Individuals would prefer not to be informed that there is just a single adaptation of good and bad, which is actually what the restricting state proposes. Instances of the sort of express that Aquinas and St. Augustine present can be found in a portion of the bombed systems of the previous century. Prime instances of states that endeavored to take a stab at the better great of its kin, and fizzled, can be seen in both Nazi Germany and socialist Russia. These states endeavored to take every person and power them into a perfect form of what they needed their residents to turn into. Despite the fact that these social orders prevailing for some measure of time, both have since crumpled and states in the Lockean from have emerged out of their remains. As previously mentioned, both of the sorts of states introduced have solid and frail focuses to consider on. Both have rose to control at some point in time, a

Freud Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Freud - Essay Example He accepted independent of whether the conduct is ordinary or irregular, it has its impact from the mental thought processes, which are regularly oblivious. This conviction of Freud is called as mystic determinism. These hypothetical words help in the clarification of what is called as Freudian slip. The later work of Freud accentuated that the mind was partitioned into three sections and they are the Id, Ego and the Superego. The oblivious Id speaks to itself as the essential procedure of thinking about an individual's most fundamental necessities fulfillment kind of musings. The word Id consequently speaks to the most widely recognized and fundamental should be tended to by an individual. On account of Superego there rests socially instigated still, small voice that has been checked by the Id on the grounds of good and moral lead. Along these lines, Freud introduced that the Superego of the individual numerous multiple times checks the essential necessities that are required to be tended to. Freud tended to the superego as the oblivious and the self image as a to a great extent cognizant perspective. He had pushed that the personality remains in the middle of the id and the superego so as to adjust the two for example superego and the id. Hence, an equalization of the most crud e needs and the good/moral convictions is being accomplished by the in the middle of penetrative nearness of conscience. Freud accepts that a solid self image will help give the capacity by uprightness of which one can effectively adjust with the outside condition in a way that holds the character of both the id and the superego. Freud particularly held the focal point of his thoughtfulness regarding the investigation and research on the dynamic relationship that exists between the id, personality and superego. He held exceptional thoughtfulness regarding the way where the three went into a contention. We might now want to illuminate crafted by Plato and Socrates. Plato was a Greek Philosopher and was an understudy of Socrates. He was the author of the Academy in Athens, where Aristotle was an understudy. Under the direction of Socrates, Plato composed philosophical perspectives. He had added to the universe of information an exceptionally valuable assortment of original copies. The Plato's works present themselves with banters as identified with the most ideal type of government. Plato had additionally held the focal point of his works on a few different subjects. The focal subject of Plato's work has been a contention that exists between the nature and show. This is identified with the job of heredity and the earth on the insight and character of people. The more the joys of the body blur away, the more noteworthy to me is the joy and appeal of discussion. - Plato, Greek scholar, The Republic, fourth century BC What progress we are making. In the Middle Ages they would have consumed me. Presently they are content with consuming my books. - Sigmund Freud Along these lines, the discussion as introduced laid on the foundation of nature versus sustain. We can see here that Plato and Socrates have put morals upon reason. They have denoted the basic act of following the great as moral and hence fundamental. In any case, the morals have been avoided from the Freud's origination of the superego, sense of self and Id portrayal. Hence, the point that a few people won't affirm to certain activities can be because of their acknowledgment of them being morally off-base. This moral ground on which the presentation of an activity isn't

Cutlure and Perception essays

Cutlure and Perception papers Culture and Perception Socially decided convictions are the primary effect on how we act and identify with our condition and how we identify with various situations. Taking an interest in building up a general public that ensures my gathering esteems instructed me that there are a wide range of social orders and social convictions. The analysis on making your own general public and social convictions originated from musings of numerous social convictions in each gathering. Many took the thoughts that they enjoyed in their general public and included the thoughts that they preferred from different social orders. On the off chance that I had known the various societies of the individuals in my gathering it would have been simpler to make a general public for all. Some portion of speaking with one another was a progression of concurring and opposing this idea. Discussing what might be the best society was troublesome with such a large number of various convictions. We as a whole have various methods of living in our own general public. Talking about all the convictions carried us to the ideal society that we as a whole concurred on. Going with the individuals of my gathering would rely upon every one of their social convictions. If I somehow managed to head off to some place not of my convictions I would take somebody with these convictions to show me the method of living in the general public. Keeping a receptive outlook of the changed social convictions I would do whatever it takes not to demonstrate any lack of regard to the way of life in their general public. My objective in visiting another general public is mix in not indicating I am from another general public. Being an effective explorer in reality would comprise of careful concentrating of the way of life language and convictions. I am committed to realize that I am in an alternate culture with various convictions. My choices would fluctuate through the ways of life of the diverse culture. I would commit teaching myself increasingly about the way of life. Explicit prevailing U.S. social examples were obvious in every one of the way of life social orders. Making every single equivalent wa one of the examples in the social orders. A tranquil... <!

Burke Litwin 1992 free essay sample

Change is delineated regarding both procedure and substance, with specific accentuation on transformational as contrasted and value-based elements. Transformational change happens as a reaction to the outside condition and straightforwardly influences authoritative crucial procedure, the organiz. ations initiative, atid culture, lit ttirn, tfie value-based elements are affectedâ€strtictute. frameworks, the executives practices, and atmosphere. These transformational and value-based factors together influence inspiration, which, thusly, influences peifornumce.In backing of the models potential legitimacy, hypothesis and research as wellaspraetke are refered to. Orgatiization change is a sort of turmoil (Gleick. 1987). The quantity of factors changing at a similar lime, the extent of natural change, and the regular obstruction of human systetns cteate an entire intersection of ptocesses that are incredibly hard to foresee and practically difficult to control. By and by, there are predictable examples that existâ€linkages among classes of occasions that have been exhibited more than once in the examination writing and can be seen in genuine associations. We will compose a custom article test on Burke Litwin 1992 or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The colossal and inescapable effect of culture and beliefs†to where it makes associations do essentially unsound things ftom a business purpose of view^would be such a watched phenotnenon. To assemble a most probable model portraying the reasons for hierarchical execution and change, we should investigate two significant lines of reasoning. In the first place, we should see all the more altogether how associations work (I. e. , what prompts what). Second, given our tiiodel of causation, we should see how associations may be purposely changed.The linkage ordinarily is toward hypothesis and research to rehearse: that is. to ground our meeting in what is known, what is hypothetically and exactly stable. Formation of the tnodel to be introduced in this article was not exactly in that information to-rehearse bearing, be that as it may. Concerning hypothesis, we sttongly put stock in the open framework system, particularly spoke to by Katz and Kahn (1978). Hence, any hierarchical model that we may create would come from an information throughput-yield, with an input circle, format.The tnodei introduced hete is unquestionably of that class. In different wotds. the key structure for the model developed from hypothesis. The parts of the model and what causes what and in what request, then again, have developed frotn our training. To hazard expressing what is regularly not politic to concede in scholarly circles, we concede that a definitive improvement of our causal model advanced from training, not broad hypothesis or tesearch. What we are endeavoring with this article, in this manner, is a hypothetical and exact support of what we unmistakably accept works. To be sincere, we recognize that our endeavor isn't not normal for attribution theoryâ€we are clarifying our convictions and activities ex post facto: This appeared to have worked; I wonder if the writing bolsters our activity. Our counseling endeavors over a time of around 5 years with British Airways showed us a lot^â€what changes appeared to have worked and what exercises unmistakably didn't. It was from these encounters that our model took structure. As a case model, we allude to the work at British Airways later in this article. For a later outline of that change exertion, . see Goodstein and Burke (1991).

A wedding I attended - 1650 Words

A wedding I attended (Essay Sample) Content: A Wedding I attended and the customs that took place in the Occasion Name of student Institution A Wedding I attended and the customs that took place in the Occasion A celebration especially in a family brings joy and pleasure to the family members. Other people who are not members of the family like friends and relative are expected to attend to the celebration. A wedding celebration is an occasion that everyone who is a family member, friends, and relatives are expected to attend. Weddings are known to bring joy to everyone who attends .Pleasure is shared in the wedding and the occasion is usually marked with pomp and color. Some weddings are carried out in different ways; some use customs while some do not .Some customs of the people who are getting married must be used in order for the weeding to be completed. Without these customs; those who are getting married are believed that they will not live a happy marriage. I got excited when I was invited to attend to my cousin's wedding ceremony which was taking place in Mauritius. It took place three months ago and it is an occasion I will live to remember. A weeding ceremony can be classified as a rite of passage because the partners getting married are moving from a stage or status of being single to married lovers .They are brought together by the wedding and they leave their families and friends and go to live together as one( Evertson, 2005 ). They become husband and wife by swearing to God to be there for each other in good and bad. Change of an individual's status takes place, and this is when a person renounces himself or herself as having his or her own family. Weeding ceremonies can be either traditional or modern. This depends on the customs and religion of those who are getting married. There are weddings that take place for the whole week and there are those that only last a day. This also depends on the people who are hosting the wedding and the amount of resources provided (Mason , 2004).In a wedding ceremony, many things are expected to take place. Those in attendance are expected to be joyous in this momentous occasion. Scenes occur in weeding where a person may stand up to oppose the wedding. It might a secret lover of the person getting married or a family member. Such occurrences may spoil the weeding and prevent it from happening. In some cultures, it is considered as taboo to interfere with a weeding and it is believed to bring bad luck to those who are getting married (Beverly, 1996). My cousin's weeding was a smooth one and there were no scenes to interrupt the wedding. When a wedding is prepared and takes please, there are always fears in the organizers that something bad might happen. These are things like secret lovers coming to disrupt the wedding or the bride or bridegroom failing to show up. I have heard of weddings where the bride or bridegroom fails to appear or elopes with another person. They realize at the last minute that they are not doing what their hearts want and decide to elope the wedding. This is very heart breaking, but this was not expected to happen in my cousin's wedding. Although my cousin was a person of many secret lovers as teenager he did things in an organized manner. He had earlier told me that he told all his secret lovers he was having a wedding and their secret affair had to come to an end. Although he promised me that everything was going to be fine and his weeding will be perfect, I did not hang to his words. It is my personal b elief that anything can happen anytime so I usually attend such occasions with a prepared mind. I had attended many marriage ceremonies, but most of them were for friends. In my family there were few a marriage celebrations because most of my married sisters, brothers and cousins had adopted "the come we stay kind of marriageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . There were no celebrations, they literally moved in and started to stay. My cousin had promised to have a pompous wedding and wanted almost all his family, relatives and friends to attend. He was the first person in my family to carry out an official wedding. Preparations for the weeding intimated one month ago, this is because everything had to go as planned; and it was like history in the making. My uncle, aunt and parents spend the whole month doing purchases for the wedding. The whole house was washed in different colors. I came from a family of proud men and women and they always insisted on perfection and a good presentation to the visitors. The doors were repaired and painted again; our house was like a bride. Ornaments of different colors, and design were brought, and this included gold, silver and bronze. These ornaments would be given to the bride as a show of appreciation because my cousin was the bridegroom, so according to our customs this was expected. All the family members and relatives were given new clothes. Invitation cards were made and given to all those who were expected to attend. During the preparation of the weeding everyone was excited in our family. Many decorations were made both in the house and in our compound. Since he was my first hand cousin, I had to take part in every preparation of the wedding. My father and his father were brothers, and this was very important because my participation in the weeding showed a sign of togetherness in the family. My cousin's weeding was both done in a modern and traditional manner. People were first to attend the church where the bride and bridegroom were to be pronounced husband and wife, then later on the next day, the traditional wedding was to take place. This is where the bride and bridegroom are pronounced husband and wife by a village elder. We were families that grew and lived in the town, but my parents stuck to their traditions. They always said that tradition is important because every person must be in a position of tracing where he or she came from. The traditional wedding had a lot of different preparations. There was the preparation of the traditional shrine. This was where the celebrations were to be held. The shrine was decorated with flowers made form paper. The canopy which was above the shrine was fabricated with clothes that were colored. A second canopy that was big was placed in the open ground at the house front. A number of electric lamps which were multicolored were put to decorate the place and make it lively. I come from a Christian family, and since my family is both modern and traditional, the wedding had to be carried both in a modern manner and then a traditional manner. When the day for the weeding came, everyone was expected to attend the weeding which was taking place in the church. When I attended my cousin's church wedding, nothing was new to me because I had occasionally attended Christian weddings. The weeding was held in a Methodist church. The marriage was done in every step of the way of the Methodist methods of marriages. According to the Methodist method of marriage, the marriage and engagements had been made one year earlier, and he bride and bridegroom were expected to both participate. During the time of the engagements, the groom and his bride had exchanged rings symbolizing the tying of a knot. The engagements had been held earlier by both families and the church appearance was a confirmation that the two partners were going to be one thing. On that day of the wedding, the bridegroom was well dressed. My cousin had a Tuxedo which looked very good on him; the bride was brought to the alter by her father. She looked beautiful and her face was covered with a veil and she wore a white gown which brought out a picturesque of her image. According to Christian weddings, it is traditional for the bride to be walked down the aisle by her father. This was a symbol that showed the father was giving her daughter willingly to a man he trusted would take good care of her as he did when she was young. This was also taken as approval of the wedding by the father and also a blessing. After the bridegroom and the bride came before the priest, the rings which had been worn for engagement had been removed and placed on small casket. The vows were said by both the bride and bridegroom, and they put rings on each other's finger. The bride and groom were allowed to kiss and there were cheers of celebration. They walked on a blue carpet out of the church; and into a convoy of vehicles which escorted them home where there the traditional weeding was going to happened the next day. The next day at the shrine which was earlier prepared; the bride and bridegroom were told to stand near the shrine. At the front of the shrine there were two chairs which were beautifully decorated with silk and stain. There were two cushions made of velvet for the couple who were to be wedded traditionally. At around 10 am in the morning there were groups of drummers who were known as "Kompangà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , the...

Software architecture requirements in SysML Essay - 825 Words

Software architecture requirements in SysML (Essay Sample) Content: Software Architecture: Requirements in SysMLStudents Name: Institution Affiliation: Software Architecture: Requirements in SysMLA Package Diagram: The package diagram serves a great purpose in that it greatly helps in the visualization of the systems structure and the dependency that exists between modules and other sub-systems.
Figure  SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 1: Package diagramRequirements diagram
Figure  SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 2: Requirements DiagramA block definition DiagramHelps to visualize the hierarchy of the system by giving a better picture of all the interconnections between the various security components that constitute the entire system
Figure  SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 3: A block definition diagram for the security systemInternal diagram A block definition diagram helps in the visualization of the systems hierarchy. Through this block diagram, the designer is in a position to define the classifications of various components and the sub-systems since th e ...

Economic Inequality in Toni Cade Bambaras The Lesson Essay

Sylvia and The Struggle Against Class Consciousness in Toni Cade Bambaras The Lesson The Lesson by Toni Cade Bambara is not just a spirited story about a poor girl out of place in an expensive toy store, it is a social commentary. The Lesson is a story about one African-American girls struggle with her growing awareness of class inequality. The character Miss Moore introduces the facts of social inequality to a distracted group of city kids, of whom Sylvia, the main character, is the most cynical. Flyboy, Fat Butt, Junebug, Sugar, Rosie, Sylvia and the rest think of Miss Moore as an unsolicited educator, and Sylvia would rather be doing anything else than listening to her. The conflict between Sylvia and Miss Moore, This†¦show more content†¦Dont nobody want to go for my plan, which is to jump out at the next light and run off to the first bar-b-que we can find (308). When its time for her to pay the driver, Sugar has to tell Sylvia how much to give. Sylvias thoughts are divided between childish play and adult responsibility: her daydreaming conflicts with h er desire to respond to real situations. On the way to the F.A.O. Schwarz store, Sylvia devises a plan to escape from Miss Moores educational trip: I say we oughta get to the subway cause its cooler and besides we might meet some cute boys (308). By occupying her mind with what she would rather be doing, Sylvia creates a refuge in her mind where she is protected from uncomfortable situations. As soon as she doesnt like her circumstance, in this case a taxi ride, she counters it with an impulsive whim: Im tired of this and say so. And would much rather snatch Sugar and go to the Sunset and terrorize the West Indian kids (308). She is frustrated when her circumstances dont line up with her plans. In a similar way, Sylvia resists acknowledging the foreign world of wealth that Miss Moore and the toy store will soon introduce to her. When they arrive at the toy store, Sylvia struggles with the new class consciousness that is surfacing in her by attacking the values of high-end consumerism. While Sugar, Rosie, and Big Butt are havingShow MoreRelatedRacial Discrimination Past, Present, And Future1191 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscrimination and inequality still saturate our society in modern ways†. This quote rings true where equality in the workplace is concerned. In Toni Cade Bambara’s short story â€Å"The Lesson†, we see what social discrimination looks like through the eyes of children who are observing a wealthier part of town. In their eyes, they see and injustice and question why it is not being altered into something centered more on equality and equal opportunity. Toni Cade Bambara’s story â€Å"The Lesson† is written toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Lesson By Toni Cade Bambara1284 Words   |  6 PagesI chose to write about the Lesson by Toni Cade Bambara. This short story caught my attention because Bambara focuses on the economic injustices of African Americans. The Lesson by Toni Cade Bambara should have been included in ENC 1102 because her work was influenced by the Civil Rights Movement and Black Nationalist movements in the 1960s. It detailed the struggles and injustices African Americans had to endure during that time. Toni Cade Bambara was a writer and social activist most renownedRead More Toni Cade Bambara Essay examples691 Words   |  3 PagesToni Cade Bambara Toni Cade Bambara was a native of New York City who devoted her life to her writing and her social activism. Throughout her career, Bambara used her writings to convey social and political messages about the welfare of the African-American community and of African-American women especially. According to Alice A. Deck in the Dictionary of Literary Biography, the author was one of the best representatives of the group of Afro-American writers who, during the 1960s, became directlyRead MoreTheme Of The Lesson By Toni Cade Bambara827 Words   |  4 PagesSettings in Toni Cade Bambara’s â€Å"The Lesson† â€Å"The Lesson† by Toni Cade Bambara is a short story set in the part of New York City. In this story, the plot takes a journey from the place like a ghetto to F.A.O. Schwartz, an expensive upscale toy store. The children live in an African-American neighborhood, in Harlem, NY. They travel to upscale stores, on Fifth Avenue in midtown, which is a much more expensive part of New York City. The story is narrated by a young girl named Sylvia, as she explainsRead MoreThe Lesson by: Toni Cade Bambara Essay695 Words   |  3 PagesIt was a socially and politically chaotic period for America. In Toni Cade Bambara’s short story, â€Å"The Lesson†, she exposes the injustices and inequalities imposed on African Americans of that time. â€Å"†¦she’s boring us silly about what things cost and what our parents make†¦ and how money ain’t divided up right in this country. And then†¦ about we all poor and live in the slums† (Bambara 137). During the time in which Bambara’s story was written, black children weren’t well educated and educationRead MoreThe Lesson By Toni Cade Bambara And Horatio Alger1817 Words   |  8 Pageshappen in life and it can prevent the process of obtaining success. In the readings, â€Å"The Lesson† by Toni Cade Bambara and â€Å"Horatio Alger† by Harlon L. Dalton conveys the message that success is not always an everyday thing and it takes opportunities for it to become part of life. In â€Å"The Lesson†, an angered girl named Sylvia is taken on a field trip to a toy store with Miss Moore to learn a valuable lesson. The lesson is to become successful in society because it is the only way to make it to the topRead MoreToni Cade Bambaras The Lesson Essay3186 Words   |  13 PagesToni Cade Bambara, a well known author and social activist, uses language and experience to incite change in a warped society that marginalizes its people based on language, race, and class. With the utilization of African American English (AAE), Bambara sheds light on some questionable prejudices and problems with capitalism in American society. Bambara’s works are noted for their use of traditional AAE and its support in teaching the overall â€Å"lesson† and the underlying message to the public.Read More`` Nineteen Eighty Five `` And `` The Lesson `` By Toni Cade Bambara1520 Words   |  7 Pages Inequality is an extremely prominent issue in today s society, but typically goes unnoticed by the younger generation.  Alice Walker’s short story â€Å"Nineteen Fifty-five† and â€Å"The Lesson,† by Toni Cade Bambara, both share  stories  of two innocent minds that are made aware of the racial split through personal experiences. In â€Å"Nineteen Fifty-five,† Traynor, a young white boy, receives fame and fortune from a song that was written by a black woman named Gracie Mae Still. Traynor and Gracie Mae form aRead MoreToni Cade Bambaras The Lesson : Book Analysis1382 Words   |  6 PagesBrooks, â€Å"We Real Cool,† seven delinquents quit school to engage in rebellious behavior and in Toni Cade Bambara’s â€Å"The Lesson,† a teacher takes several underprivileged children to a high-class toy shop. By using point of view, diction, and symbolism, Gwendolyn Brooks and Tone Cade Bambara show the reader why it is important to learn a nd gain knowledge. The protagonists’ perspective in Brooks and Bambara’s stories come from people who have a lack of education. The protagonists in Brook’s poem are dropoutsRead MoreThe Lesson By Toni Cade Bambara1552 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the years knowledge and culture has been passed down within generations. Elders within the community often teach life lessons to the young adults growing up in the neighborhood. This idea still holds true today, especially in low-income communities. People from different socioeconomic backgrounds live different lifestyles they also have different opportunities made available to them. Because of this idea, people with a higher social standing have an advantage over those in lower class

Hamlets Success - 1315 Words

How would one most generally feel after the murder of a parent? A tidal wave of feelings could overwhelm the mind and give rise to unexplainable thoughts and emotions. Like Hamlet, the majority of us would probably sink into a deep depression and mourn for the loss of our childhood hero. In Hamlet’s case, he was visited briefly by the Ghost of his Father for one specific purpose: to seek revenge for the murder at the hands of his brother. However, taking on the task of avenging the killing of one’s parents is not as easy as it sounds. Upon the appearance of the Ghost, three things were asked of him: do not go insane, leave Gertrude’s fate in heaven’s hands, and seek revenge for his death. Hamlet is not fully successful in following the†¦show more content†¦99-101). Rather than listening and taking Hamlet’s warning into consideration, Gertrude was uncertain that what he spoke of is the truth. However, when the Ghost reappears but is only vis ible to Hamlet, this is when Gertrude’s theory of Hamlet’s madness is almost ensured. All the effort Hamlet had done in order to have Gertrude see the evil in Claudius was put down the drain because of the Ghost’s brief return. Shortly after when Gertrude drinks the poisoned drink does she realize that what Hamlet had spoken of was true. So although Hamlet had attempted in revealing the truth to Gertrude so she could do good, ultimately she stuck to her belief of Hamlet’s insanity and therefore, Hamlet did succeed in allowing heaven to decide her fate. The most crucial request Hamlet had to execute was seeking the revenge for his father; although it took him longer than expected he was ultimately successful. Up until the appearance of the Ghost, no one other than Claudius truly knew how the King had died. It was more of repugnance than a shock to Hamlet at â€Å"If thou hast nature in thee, bear it no. / Let not the royal bed of Denmark be/ A couch for l uxury and damned incest.† (3.4. 88-90). Never did Hamlet imagine that the death of his father would be caused by the hands of his Claudius. It was hard for Hamlet to swallow the thought of the corruption that was taking place in Denmark and although he was not in favor of it, he knew he hadShow MoreRelatedHamlet’s Astounding Success Essay1959 Words   |  8 PagesHamlet’s Astounding Success  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   What secret formula did the playwright William Shakespeare use in the recipe for the tragedy Hamlet? Why, this play has been the rage for 400 years! Let’s analyze the reasons for its success.    A.C. Bradley tells in his book of criticism, Shakespearean Tragedy, the extreme importance of the character of Hamlet to the rating of the play:    Naturally then, the tragedy of Hamlet with Hamlet left out has become the symbol of extreme absurdity;Read MoreThe Illusion of Ambition in Hamlet by William Shakespeare899 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is the first thing that comes to your mind when you hear the word ambition? Destiny? Dreams? Success? There’s a higher chance you thought of positive words such as success. Although, ambition can be a driving force in an individual’s success, it can also backfire at the individual. In his play, Hamlet, Shakespeare demonstrates that an individual’s ambitions can have a negative impact on self and others through the character of Claudius. Claudius’s ambitions play a pivotal role in all the tragediesRead MoreThe Many Identities of Hamlet in Hamlet by William Shakespeare680 Words   |  3 Pagesconflict . Hamlets hatred towards Claudius stems from two crimes committed; Claudius murder of his brother and his incest with Hamlets mother. Because of the seriousness of both crimes, as well as the fact that both persons affected are closely related, there is evidence of an interrelation between both of the crimes; which can further explains Hamlets reaction. Following his father, King Hamlets death, his mother, Gertrude proceeds to marry his Uncle Claudius; this causes a surge of Hamlets oedipalRead MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s The Of Hamlet 953 Words   |  4 PagesThere is an enormous diversity of speculation on the cause(s) of Hamlet’s delay. The majority of those advancing their disparate theories should nonetheless be able to agree on one common conclusion: whatever the cause or causes may be for delaying the justice that is Denmark’s due, the results of that delay lead to a disastrous failure by Hamlet. He finds himself banished and bewildered on the cold sea shore. (THESIS) This essay will support a proposal by Harley Granville Barker in his â€Å"PrefaceRead More Reality and Illusion in Shakespeares Hamlet - Re ality, Appearance and Deception875 Words   |  4 Pagesof the play and develops in the protagonist as a struggle to clarify what only seems to be absolute and what is actually reality. Hamlets mind, therefore, becomes the central force of the play, choosing the direction of the conflict by his decisions regarding his revenge and defining the outcome. Shakespeare begins Hamlets struggle with recognition of Hamlets sincere grief and anger following his fathers untimely death. A taste of the conflict is expressed in the dialogue between HamletRead MoreHamlet Needs Horatio and Ophelia Essay1326 Words   |  6 Pagesperson to whom Hamlet can discuss his course of action and act like his true self. Ophelia, however, has a major role that is not initially evident. She is the embodiment of how Hamlets opinion of women changes throughout the play. These two characters have drastically different roles, but both are vital to the success of Hamlet. In Hamlet, Shakespeare develops the character of Hamlet through numerous soliloquies and long speeches. Not only is the use of these literary devices difficult for theRead MoreTragedy And Madness In Hamlet757 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet. He was faced with trials and tribulations which led to an tragic end. Was their a cause of Hamlets madness? Evidence from the play shows, Hamlet was triggered by his father’s words, For Hamlet to avenge his fathers death. For this course of action to occur Hamlet must murder his uncle Claudius, who is soon to be king. Faced with more trials after King Hamlets passing, Gertrude (Hamlets mother) is to marry Claudius. Hamlet is stumped. How is he going to murder his uncle without certaintyRead MoreHamlet Soliloquy Analysis Essay524 Words   |  3 PagesHamlet to take revenge, Hamlet shares his thoughts with the audience in a soliloquy. Through vows and promises, Hamlets oral reaction to the Kings request exposes his full will for revenge. In addition, Hamlets word-choice begins to exhibit the blind passion and zeal that characterizes his actions throughout the remainder of the play. These components of Hamlets second soliloquy together exemplify his complete determination, which ultimately allows him to succeed in avengingRead More Hamlet Essay754 Words   |  4 Pagesremarried. The Queen has wed Hamlet’s Uncle Claudius, the dead king’s brother. To Hamlet, the marriage is â€Å"foul incest.† Worse still, Claudius has had himself crowned King despite the fact that Hamlet was his father’s heir to the throne. Hamlet suspects foul play. When his father’s ghost visits the castle, Hamlet’s suspicions are confirmed. The Ghost complains that he is unable to rest in peace because he was murdered. Claudius, says the Ghost, poured poison in King Hamlet’s ear while the old king nappedRead MoreThe Self Defeat of Heroes in Shakespeares Tragedies: A Character Analysis of Hamlet and Othello1495 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Hamlet and Othello Introduction Aristotle asserted that all tragic heroes had fundamental flaws that were the source of their undoing, and that were typically the source of their initial success, as well. Oedipus thinks he acts with justice, wisdom, and the assurance of success, and these things also cause him to completely destroy himself when he discovers the truth of his situation, as one prominent example. The idea, then, that tragic heroes are in some way the source of their

Lion King vs. Hamlet - 2415 Words

Lucas Verde Dr. Arendt ENG4U -2 26 January 2015 Hakuna Matata? That is the Question A mother says to her young child, â€Å"Honey, come downstairs and watch Hamlet!† A statement which might sound ludicrous at first, is in reality, more sensible than one might think. Since 1994, The Lion King has been a must-see film for children all around the world. Its 8.5 rating on IMDB lists it alongside of some of the greatest movies ever made. Children’s movies that were released around this time were all shallow and simplistic. The reason why The Lion King was so successful is because it was an unexpected and pleasant anomaly. The Lion King is a story of responsibility and revenge, masked by a setting that is known to be appealing to children.†¦show more content†¦Scar and Claudius were both represented as cowards. Examples of this lie in the murders of their brothers. Being physically and morally weak, Scar killed Mufasa at a time where he was defenseless, begging for scar to save him, seconds away from death. The same goes for Claudius, as he poisoned King Hamlet as he was sleeping. Comparisons between the deaths of these two characters can be made as well. The poisoned chalice in which Claudius originally used to try to kill Hamlet, resulted in the cause of his own death. Hamlet forced Claudius to drink the cup and said â€Å"Here, thou incestuous, murderous, damnà ¨d Dane, Drink off this potion. Is thy union here? Follow my mother† (5.2.355-59). In The Lion King, Scar used the hyenas to try to kill Simba, but it was the hyenas who ultimately took Scar’s life to revenge how they were treated. On the surface, it would appear as if the comparable characters to Hamlet’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern would be Simba’s friends Timone and Pumba. However, that was not the case. The hyenas were in fact the modern representation of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. This was due to the fact that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern in reality were not true friends of Hamlet. The reason why they appear in the play was not b ecause they were concerned for Hamlet’s well-being, it was because they were hired and paid by the King and Queen, as shown in 2.2: KING. TheShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Hamlet And Lion King834 Words   |  4 Pages Hamlet Vs. Lion King â€Å"The Lion King† is watched by children all over the world. It is a classic Disney movie that many watch for fun and entertainment, but could there be something else to this film? The plot of â€Å"The Lion King† is very similar to Shakespeare’s play,† Hamlet†. Some similarities include the lives of Simba and prince Hamlet are changed due to their evil uncles, both fathers die, and both fathers come back as ghosts. Each character in â€Å"The Lion King† connects with a character in â€Å"Hamlet†Read MoreWalt Disneys The Lion King Essay1031 Words   |  5 Pagesarguably be the best animated feature of all time in The Lion King. With a moral base unlike most of the movies released at the time, TLK placed a childrens facade on a very serious story of responsibility and revenge. However, this theme is one of the oldest in history, and it is not the least apparent in one of the oldest works of literature by The Bard himself, William Shak espeare. The work that Disneys TLK parallels is none other than Hamlet: Prince of Denmark and the film shadow this work so closelyRead More William Faulkners Use of Shakespeare Essay5388 Words   |  22 PagesBergson, and Cervantes, to name only a few--but the one writer that he consistently mentioned as a constant and continuing influence was William Shakespeare. Though Faulkner’s claim as a fledgling writer in 1921 that â€Å"[he] could write a play like Hamlet if [he] wanted to† (FAB 330) may be dismissed as an act of youthful posturing, the statement serves to indicate that from the beginning Shakespeare was the standard by which Faulkner would judge his own creativity. In later years Faulkner frequentlyRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagescomprehensive of the grimoires, or handbooks of magic. The attribution to the Andalusian mathematician al-Majriti (or al-Madjriti) (d. ca. 1004-7) is considered pseudo-epigraphic. The Latin translation d ates to 1256 and the court of Alphonso the Wise, king of Castille, and exerted a considerable influence on Western magic thereafter. It is said that much of Ficino’s astrological magic derives from the Picatrix (see I.P.Couliano, Eros and Magic in the Renaissance, University of Chicago Press, 1987, pRead MoreTop 1 Cause for Project Failure65023 Words   |  261 Pagesbusiness wanted. I have had the rare opportunity of always been given the kind of projects that have not been defined correctly, failing, running late etc, and the primary cause has been the above. No approved BRS. 9. [pic] Frank King, PMP Program Manager at Xiocom Wireless I agree that all of these issues contribute to a projects failure. Number 1 is the tops, followed by lack of or bad project communications and risk management. If the top executives or stakeholdersRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesunderstanding how to reward, satisfy, and retain employees is at a premium. In bad times, issues like stress, decision making, and coping come to the fore. Responding to Globalization Organizations are no longer constrained by national borders. Burger King is owned by a British firm, and McDonald’s sells hamburgers in Moscow. ExxonMobil, a so-called U.S. company, receives almost 75 percent of its revenues from sales outside the United States. New employees at Finland-based phone maker Nokia are increasingly

The Functionalist Explanation of the Role of Education in...

The Functionalist Explanation of the Role of Education in Modern Society I will discuss the functionalists theories in comparison to those of the Marxist and Interactionists. Functionalists believe that all in society serves a purpose and its a positive function. They also believe that education is a way of achieving in society; it develops people so that it gives them the opportunities in society (workplace). Durkheim believed that in order for children to feel as though they belong in society and for society to work, the education system will enable people to belong to society for example the teaching of certain subjects (transmission of cultural capital) i.e. history, will allow children to†¦show more content†¦Also that school prepares pupils for their place in society through the correspondence theory. Karl Marx believed that there were only two classes the Bourgeoisies - ruling class and the Proletariat - working class. He argued that the education system is a way in which people become alienated into accepting capitalism and are unaware of their exploitation (False consciousness) Other Marxist, Bowles and Gintis believe that the teachers give the orders and the pupils obey. Also that education legitimates social inequality by broadcasting the myth that it offers all equal opportunities, where this is not the case at all. Vocational courses benefited the working class as it trained them and educated them with more skills so that they are able to earn a higher wage in the workplace. Just as the Functionalist view were criticised as are Bowles and Gintis for portraying children as some sort of animals. Teachers are seen as the agents and pipils as the victims. This proves that Marxist views differ to that of the Functionalists. Although there is a similarity as both Functionalists and Marxists link education and the workplace (both structures of macro theories) together and of the values of society, but socializes children into possessing false consciousness about the world. Interactionists deal with the issuesShow MoreRelatedUsing Material from Item a and Elsewhere Assess the Contribution of Functionalism to Our Understanding of the Role of Education.1422 Words   |  6 Pagescontribution of functionalism to our understanding of the role of education. Functionalism is based on the view that society is a system of interdependent parts held together by a shared culture or value consensus (agreement) amongst individuals as to what values or norms are important in society. Therefore they take a positive view of the education system. As item A suggests they see it as a form of secondary socialism essential to maintaining society i.e. the values and norms transmitted by social institutionsRead MoreDescribe the Functionalist (Emile Durkheim), Conflict (Marxist) and Interactionist approach to the Socialization of Education.877 Words   |  4 PagesDescribe the Functionalist, Conflict and Interactionist approach to the Socialization of Education. Education - A Functionalist Perspective Emile Durkheim proposed an explicitly functionalist explanation of the role of education in society. The major function/task of education was, according to Durkheim, the transmission of society s norms and values. Durkheim considered that all societies must have means of passing on their norms and values to the young. If they did not, they could not continueRead MoreHow Fair British Education for All1145 Words   |  5 PagesHOW FAIR BRITISH EDUCATION FOR ALL This essay will analyse how education system helps to maintain class inequality in contemporary Britain. In Britain, a good quality of public education service has been promised for all children regardless of ethnicity, race or income. Unfortunately, School League Table and recent surveys show opposite. In 1944, the government passed Education Act which allowed all children to receive secondary education. Children would be selected by ability for differentRead MoreGeneral Strain Theory And Its Effect On Human Behavior990 Words   |  4 Pagesethos, broad entailing a commitment to the material success goal, to be pursued by anyone, in a mass society that is dominated by large multinational corporations (Messner, 1988). The two argue that it is not only that the economic concern has emerged to dominate culture, but that the society’s non-economical institutions have tended to be subservient to the current economy. The entire educations system, for example, appears to have been driven by the job market, politicians are elected on the economyRead MoreThe Sociological Explanations for Class Inequality Essay example1268 Words   |  6 PagesThe Sociological Explanations for Class Inequality There is much debate in sociology about whether class is still important. Many argue that class is no longer important as an individuals identity and life chances are based more status and cultural factors such as lifestyle, values, intelligence, education and the like, the post-modernists state that class has ceased to be the prime determinant of identity and suggest that societies are now organised around consumptionRead MoreThe Differential Opportunity Systems Theory1388 Words   |  6 Pagesconventional and criminal values is a community environment. Some of the recent studies have indicated that the specialization degree can be predicated suing a community organization variable. The theories briefly predict that acts should not assume any role they wish too, but that communities that are well integrated provide more property offending illegitimate opportunities, while disorganized communities on the other hand for violent offending, if neither subcultures nor theft exist, retreats crimesRead MoreFunctionalism and Marxism. A Critical Evaluation Essay1135 Words   |  5 Pagestraditional ways of life in Britain and Europe. Sociology emerged as one of these innovative areas and sought to analyse the nature of society and the complexities within it using collective theories and perspectives. The construction of a sociological perspective can best be illustrated by the application of several fundamental questions, the responses and explanations of which, produce an insight into why there are differences of opinion. Functionalism and Marxism are two of the most influentialRead MoreSocial Orientation And Social Mobility1008 Words   |  5 Pagesmobility would be achieved through education, for example a person could receive a promotion at work, in which gaining more money, this would then mean that you could go up a social class. (Childs, 2006 PAGE NUMBER) In 2006 there was a call for a ‘classless society’ which would mean that everyone would have the same chances and access to higher education would remove traditional class barriers, giving better opportunities to everyone. There have been three explanations for the persistence of social inequalitiesRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Is An Important Tool For Managers Essay1684 Words   |  7 Pagesought to be and provide recommendations on how this could be accomplished. Traditional organization used to practice Regulatory while new modern organization tends to act Radical. To well organize in budget controlling, new modern organization in today doesn t willing to give a long time for bank credit card s salesperson to hit their sales target. New modern organizations urge to get the results from salesperson whereas the salesperson should hit their monthly sales on time and accurately, if theRead MoreEvaluate the view that the education system in modern industrial society enables the intelligent to succeed. (25)1843 Words   |  8 Pages Evaluate the view that the education system in modern industrial society enables the intelligent to succeed. (25) The way that the education system functions and is set up in modern industrial society allows the intelligent to succeed. Intelligence can be defined as the ability to discover rules, patterns and logical principles underlying objects, events and the ability to apply these discoveries and solve problems (Arthur Jensen, 1973). Intelligences can be measured using the intelligence test

Nursing Fundamental of Nursing

Question: Describe about the Fundamental of Nursing? Answer: Communication is very important in nursing practice because a good communication is needed between a patient and nurse for a good outcome. Communication is a vital role in career of nursing. By communication process the information are exchanged with the people. Nursing is the profession where the communication is more important because they are needed to communicate with the patient, the family of patient, the co-workers of nurses, supervisors, and many others. A socio cultural difference is one of the factors that influence communication. There are many socio cultural factors which are bigger scale services within societies and cultures that affect the feelings and thought (Cna-aiic.ca, 2015). Those factors are culture change, cross culture differences, attitudes, cultural deprivation, race, family structure, cultural identity, reputation, power, discrimination etc. Socio cultural factors are the factors which are incorporating social and cultural factors. Socio cultural factors ar e values, customs and lifestyle that indicate a group. Communication in this profession is not an easy task because single incorrect information may lead to a huge problem. So the potential and the skill of communication are very important for nursing career. Nurse patient interaction plays an important role in the health care service. The main factor that may influence in the career of the nurse is the skill and potential of communication with the patients. There are three major components for the successful communications. Those are receiver, sender and a message. The capacity for passing the message in a short period of time is very essential for a nurse (Ajol.info, 2015). The promises are given to the patient and their family by the nurses should follow. The proper conversation is needed during the delivery of a report to the family of patient and any kind of unnecessary conversation is strongly illegal. The nurse should understand what cultural groups do to keep wellness, how c urers care and cure for members of cultural groups, how cultural groups recognized life processes, how cultural groups define illness and health, what cultural groups believe to be the sources of illness and how the cultural background of the nurse impacts the way in which care is provided ('Socio-cultural Impacts on Communication Slips', 2015). The nurse should consider particular cultural factors influencing on separate clients and identify that intra cultural difference means that each client should be determined for individual cultural differences (Nursingworld.org, 2015). The nurse should understand the culture of other so that they can communicate in a proper way. Different type of patients has different type of language, culture, rules and norms. The nurse should be able to communicate with different type of patients. The patients and family of patient should not be ignored. For this reason the timing and the process of communication is very crucial between the nurse and the patient. There are few factors which are influencing the faith of the family of the patient. Those are the eye contact of the nurse, body language of the nurse and tone of voice of the nurse. The family of patient does not remember the name of the nurse but they remember the activity of the nurse during the crucial time of the patient. So nurse should be able to handle the difficult situations of the patient with a quality communication with the family of the patients. References: Ajol.info,. (2015).The Influence of Socio-cultural Domains on Communication. Retrieved 16 March 2015, from https://www.ajol.info/index.php/afrrev/article/viewFile/83609/73637 Cna-aiic.ca,. (2015).social determinants of health and nursing. Retrieved 16 March 2015, from https://www.cna-aiic.ca/~/media/cna/page-content/pdf-en/social-determinants-of-health-and-nursing_a-summary-of-the-issues.pdf?la=en Nursingworld.org,. (2015).Cultural Diversity in Nursing Practice. Retrieved 16 March 2015, from https://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/Policy-Advocacy/Positions-and-Resolutions/ANAPositionStatements/Position-Statements-Alphabetically/prtetcldv14444.html Socio-cultural Impacts on Communication Slips. (2015). Retrieved 16 March 2015, from https://www.uri.edu/iaics/content/2008v17n2/10%20Changyuan%20Liu%20%20Song%20Wang.pdf

Crowd Safety and Risk Management

Question: Discuss about background to the issue and love parade stampede? Answer: Introduction Crowd Safety and risk management is one of the most critical issues in todays world. Various concerts and functions all around the world take place and the most important aspect for the event management group of the respective concerts and functions being held are the safety of the crowd and assess the risk management via significant evaluations and analysis. The major motive is to maintain the decorum of the event along with managing the risk and crowd (Brown, 2014). One of the most significant events that has created huge impact on crowd safety and risk management is the Love Parade held in Berlin. In this report we will analyze and conceptualize on the risk management issues of the Love parade held in Berlin and the fatal stampede in 2010 which has led to the permanent closure of Love parade event in Berlin. Background to the Issue Groups frequently assemble at various venues ranging from sports activities to musical concerts often numbering to a few million in various places from sports stadiums to open Air Theater. Extreme crowding results sometimes in unwanted tragedies involving severe injuries and even may result in death and fatalities. A mass craze is sometimes directed at obtaining something highly valuable. One of the most significant examples is the Love parade that first commenced on July 1989 in the streets of Berlin, Germany. The Love parade was actually a popular dance music festival held annually from 1989 to 2003 in the capital city of Berlin, again on 2006 it was held in Berlin and from 2007 to 2010 in Ruhr (Burgan and Mules, 2000). The Love parade was actually started for a political demonstration for international understanding and peace via love for music. On 24th July 2010 the Love parade festival was called off and cancelled permanently by the organizer because the crowd rush led to the de ath of 21 people and more than 500 people being injured. Love parade Stampede The Love parade stampede in the year 2010 led the permanent cancellation of the event. It was reported that the people attending the event reached a mammoth amount of 1.4 million whereas the original expectation was round about 800,000. The police investigation believed that about 400,000 people were present during the event (Carlsen, Getz and Soutar, 2000). The huge stampede led to the death of 21 people and more than 500 approximately were reported severely injured near the tunnel that was overcrowded which led to the festival. It was also reported that about 20 casualties was the result of suffocation caused by the extreme crowd pressure. According to the investigation report the fire service extinguisher and the safety experts previously warned that the entire festival site was not meant for the number of people to attend the festival. It can be easily outlined that despite having several warnings the organizers were the key to the accident that cost many lives of innocent people. Problems Identified After analyzing and evaluating the entire accident that happened at the Love parade on 24th July 2010 in Berlin three significant problems were identified after investigating the entire event site and the incident caused. Problem 1 After analyzing the entire situation of the fatal incident of 2010 love parade the first and the foremost problem that was identified was the event site was overcrowded. It was expected about 800,000 whereas the crowd was around 1.4 million. From here it can be easily identified that the event planner was much more interested in making money rather than being interested in the safety of the people and crowd management. The planner was not provided with the permission for such number of people but ascertaining the money making way has led to the disastrous stampede (Robertson, Junek and Lockstone-Binney, 2014). Another significant example of the fatal stampede was the Hillsborough disaster. It was a human crush at a football match on 15th April 1989 leading to 96 people dead and 766 severely injured. According to reports a football match was played between Nottingham Forest and Liverpool and the major reason for the disaster was the elimination of standing terraces and lack of police control. Problem 2 Another problem that was identified ahead of the Love parade in Berlin was the failures of few event attendants and many were overwhelmed by the huge size of the crowd that the attendants were meant to direct. The same can also be recited about the police. The communication of their records on the day of the festival revealed poor decisions, misunderstandings and helplessness (Crowther, Bostock and Perry, 2015). The police communication was also hampered by the collapsed telephone network. The priority circuit which enables to prevent the network overloads was not prepared in fact it had not even been asked for. The entire cite lacked loudspeakers for instant announcements as there was no enough cable. Problem 3 The report of the prosecutors provided that the security staffs were not informed and overlooked the basic problems of the large scale event and the buck of responsibility was passed eventually to the security plan by the organizers of Love Parade. The security staff as already mentioned was not enough to control the huge crowd and it was also reported that they were not properly trained. The idealistic and immense damage would have hit the organizers of the Ruhr region and the organizers had the event been called off due to potential risks (Drengner, Jahn and Zanger, 2011). Thus, the final permit for the Love parade was sanctioned just before three days of the event and until the final day of the event traffic barriers were removed for accommodation of emergency vehicles. Strategies or Solutions to be considered Definite strategies and solutions are the need of the hour in an event like Love parade. The inefficiencies with the event organizers and the staff have led to the huge disaster (Korstanje, 2009). It is the significant role of the organizers and event managers to assess the risk management while the event. Significant measures must be outline beforehand to avoid the disputes and risk that can create misfortunes during the event. One can only opine that the cash-strapped city and the organizers wanted to host the event but never expected such a turnout of boisterous young people but did not pay enough attention to the safety measures or a backup plan in case of a calamity (HARRIS, 2004). In any case, it is the sole responsibility of the organizers to inform the crowd of the event about the foreseeable dangers and emergency procedures in the event of an emergency. Emergency power backup plans are a must because in the case of complete power and communications failure may lead to panic amongst the crowd. Critical medical needs such as stretchers, oxygen, and an ambulance should always be in a standby mode in case of any urgency. Lots of lives have been lost due to failure to provide immediate emergency support to the victims. Proper metering of the venue with clear pathways, corridors, entrances and exits is necessary with organizers continuously communicating with each other during the event (Korstanje, 2009). The event or function venue should be opened early and delay the closing because it leads to dispersion of the crowd into various places avoiding jamming and overcrowded situations. After the Love parade incident occurred large scale events in Germany can also end up in disastrous misfortune. Thus all basic routes to every festival area are being widened along with installation of more emergency exits with lighting (Getz, 2012). Video Surveillance systems are being installed to have a significant view of the visitors flow. All security personnel have been well trained and increased so that in any kind of emergency situation there are enough security personnel in charge to direct and control the huge crowd. Conclusion To conclude, crowd control and risk management today have become a vital part of any event for the organizers and event management personnel. From the 2010 Berlin Love Parade incident which could have been avoided if real-time communication skills and administrative crowd control were demonstrated (Pernecky, 2015). More and more firms are emphasizing on properly training and honing the skills of event managers to avoid disasters during events. They are now equipped with state of the art communications tools and emergency training procedures to prevent any potential mishap (Reid and Ritchie, 2011). Worldwide, we hear news almost every day of such incidents which leaves us in utter shock and dismay at the number of innocent lives lost or fatally injured due to improper crowd management. We should act now to prevent such tragic incidents in the future. References Brown, S. (2014). Emerging Professionalism in the Event Industry: A Practitioner's Perspective.Event Management, 18(1), pp.15-24. Burgan, B. and Mules, T. (2000). Sampling Frame Issues in Identifying Event-Related Expenditure.Event Management, 6(4), pp.223-230. Carlsen, J., Getz, D. and Soutar, G. (2000). Event Evaluation Research.Event Management, 6(4), pp.247-257. Crowther, P., Bostock, J. and Perry, J. (2015). Review of Established Methods in Event Research.Event Management, 19(1), pp.93-107. Drengner, J., Jahn, S. and Zanger, C. (2011). Measuring EventBrand Congruence.Event Management, 15(1), pp.25-36. Getz, D. (2012). Event Studies: Discourses and Future Directions.Event Management, 16(2), pp.171-187. Goldblatt, J. (1996). Event Management Event Tourism.Festival Management and Event Tourism, 4(3), pp.157-158. HARRIS, V. (2004). MANAGEMENT PRACTICE EVENT MANAGEMENT: A NEW PROFESSION?.Event Management, 9(1), pp.103-109. Korstanje, M. (2009). Reconsidering the Roots of Event Management: Leisure in Ancient Rome.Event Management, 13(3), pp.197-203. Pernecky, T. (2015). Sustainable Leadership in Event Management.Event Management, 19(1), pp.109-121. Reid, S. and Ritchie, B. (2011). Risk Management: Event Managers' Attitudes, Beliefs, and Perceived Constraints.Event Management, 15(4), pp.329-341. Robertson, M., Junek, O. and Lockstone-Binney, L. (2014). Introduction: ProfessIonalIzatIon and event ManageMent.Event Management, 18(1), pp.1-3.

Understanding the Three Mile Island Nuclear Meltdown through the Perspective of Human

The 21st century will not only be defined by technology but also by the existence of complex organisations that leverage advances in the field of information technology, computers, and advanced management techniques. This is the reason why a corporation can have a main office in London but can do business all over the globe 24 hours a day and seven days a week.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Understanding the Three Mile Island Nuclear Meltdown through the Perspective of Human specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Aside from that the needs of a growing population such as urban centres that can hold tens of millions of people also necessitate the creation and maintenance of complex and gigantic structures such as those that deliver water, electricity and gas. The intricate systems that these structures contain multiply the probability of errors. Although there is a system of checks in place these types of faciliti es cannot afford malfunction or human errors. One good example is the nuclear facility in Three-Mile-Island that experienced a meltdown. The cause of the malfunction is linked to what managers now call as â€Å"human factors† and a clear understanding of what it means can help prevent future problems of this magnitude and potential consequence. Human Factor Before going any further it is imperative to get a clear understanding of the impact of human factors on the organisation, technology, and work and safety aspects of a nuclear plant. An excellent backdrop for this study is the definition for this concept as seen below: Human factors is a multidisciplinary field that draws on the methods, data, and principles of the behavioural and social sciences, engineering, physiology, anthropometry, biomechanics, and other disciplines to design systems that are compatible with the capabilities and limitations of the people who will use them. Its goal has been to design system that use human capabilities in appropriate ways, that protect systems from human frailties, and that protect humans from hazards associated with operation of the system (Moray Huey, 1988). This definition was the by-product of assiduous work in the field of nuclear regulatory research. This is research initiative, prompted no doubt by mishaps and other problems encountered by those working under the U.S. nuclear program. The compact definition has to be unpacked in order to appreciate the multidisciplinary aspect of human factors research.Advertising Looking for assessment on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Firstly, all of the supporters of human factors research are in agreement that it simply impractical and unwise to focus on one or few fields when it comes to designing a safe and efficient system, especially when it comes to critical operations such as those that can be found in aviation or nuclear facilities. Se condly, it is not enough to simply increase the scope of study. There is a good reason why they included not only the integration of social and behavioural sciences; they also found the link between these fields and those of engineering, physiology, anthropometry, and biomechanics. Human factors research looks at the people behind the organisation as well as the technology required to accomplish what seems to be a humanly impossible task such as the monitoring and maintenance of critical systems. And finally, the definition suggests that no matter how technology has advanced there will always be a need for human expertise, the human touch is required to keep an operation to run smoothly. But this has another side to it. Due to the participation of humans in the creation, implementation and upkeep of a complex systems such as a nuclear power plant then that particular system is prone to error. Therefore, the purpose of human factors research is to design systems that are well-suited to the capabilities and limitation of the staff and operators handling and maintaining that system (Moray Huey, 1988). This is expounded even further by the realisation that human talents, perception, expectation must be considered into the design or training strategies to prepare those who will use the system. Another major purpose of human factors research is to develop a system that is protected from human frailties (Moray Huey, 1988). It is an acknowledgment that although humans can sometimes outperform machines, for example machines only do what they are programmed to do but can never make adjustments to changing conditions – but at the same time there are limitations to what the human body can do. Machines are not prone to fatigue but humans have limits that can be measured and factored into the design of the system.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Understanding the Three Mile Island Nuclear Meltdown through the Perspective of Human specifi cally for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Finally, human factors research is not only limited to manufacturing high-quality products and services but it is also about protecting humans from the inherent hazards of a particular system (Moray Huey, 1988). In the case of Three-Mile-Island the potential hazard is the radioactive material within the two nuclear reactors. If radioactive radiation leaks into the atmosphere the first group of individuals who will suffer from contact with radioactive materials are going to be the staff and operators and then if there is a nuclear meltdown then the whole community near the nuclear plant and so their safety must also be included in the overall design. Three-Mile-Island: Review of Facility In September 1978 the people of Pennsylvania took notice of a dedication ceremony for the newly completed nuclear power plant built in an island accessible through the Susquehanna River and it was called after the name of its location and known hereafter as the Three-Mile-Island Nuclear Power Plant (Derkins, 2003). It is located a mere 15 kilometres away from Harrisburg, the capital of Pennsylvania (Derkins, 2003). Americans are used to such announcements and it can be argued that no one had a premonition of what would follow; before the tragic event that would occur months later, a nuclear power plant is deemed safe and efficient. There was usually no drama involved. But this one is different. The said nuclear power plant is comprised of two units, two reactors and designated as follows: TMI-I was constructed at the northern end of the island in 1968 while TMI-2 was constructed just south of the first unit and it was started in 1969 (Derkins, 2003) The first unit, TMI-1, was completed in 1974 and immediately began to generate electricity but for the second unit, TMI-2 encountered construction delays and did not start generating electricity until 1978 (Derkins, 2003). It should have been a warning for t he operators but this was not uncovered because of the absence of an effective HRA tool. The Control Room and Plant Equipment Design The control room was designed in such a way that it will alert the operators if there were problems but in 1979 a complex system like this one can only do so much. So in the midst of an impending crisis a loud horn was heard by the operators and the control panels began to light up like a Christmas tree.Advertising Looking for assessment on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More But there was no way to differentiate what was trivial and what was critical, the flashing lights added to the confusion but never guided the operators to the real cause of the problem. If only they knew that a critical component a relief valve has malfunctioned. This valve controls the pressure of the reactor coolant and by staying open it reduces the amount of reactor coolant in the system. However, the only way for the operators to know this is to walk behind a seven-foot high instrument panel to discover that the coolant was dangerously low but it was not convenient and practical to keep on walking back and forth from the centre of the control room to the back of the control panel and so it was easy to miss it (Walker, 2004) The operators relied on a less reliable system. They installed a signal light in the control panel and when it is lighted then it means that the relief valve was open and if it was not lighted then they assume that the relief valve was closed (Walker, 2004). The operators were unaware of the failure of the relief valve and so they made the assumption that the pressure in the reactor was still high and therefore there was enough coolant within TMI-2 (U.S. NRC, 2010). This is the reason why the reactor generated tremendous amounts of heat that at the end melted the core. Aside from the human factor and the complex operation requirement needed to run the nuclear plant, another major factor that has to be considered in order to understand why the Three-Mile-Island debacle occurred is the use of a technology called â€Å"pressurized water reactors† also known as â€Å"PWR† (Walker, 2004) This type of technology was most common in all the reactors built before the 1980s (Walker, 2004). But for Babcock and Wilcox the reactor manufacturer commissioned to build TMI-1 and TMI-2 there is no other way to build a reactor other than the use of PWR (Walker, 2004). This is significant because there is a critical part of the design which is called the Pilot-Operated-Relief-Valve (â€Å"PORV†) and it can be found on top of a forty-foot high container called a pressurizer but when it malfunctioned there was nothing that was installed to alert the operators that it has stayed open or stayed close (Walker, 2004). In other words it was the weak link in the design. This is how the PORV was supposed to work: if the pressure in TMI-2 rises rapidly so the pressurizer is overwhelmed by the sudden build-up and so it was designed to open to release cooling water and therefore reduce the pressure build-up (Walker, 2004). At first this is what happened when other parts of the system malfunctioned at about 4:00 AM, March 28, 1979 (Walker,2004). However, ten seconds later when the pressure and heat levels were back to normal the PORV was supposed to close as designed but in this case it did not close and coolant was oozing out of the reactor (Walker, 2004). The problem with this scenario is that this was not the first time t hat a PORV was stuck open, especially in TMI-2 and yet no one took time and effort to fix the problem or redesign the whole system. It was revealed later that this type of problem is common in nuclear reactors designed by Babcock and Wilcox. In fact what happened in Three-Mile-Island was replicated two years earlier in a similarly designed system at a nuclear plant named Davis-Besse (Walker,2004). The only difference is that in that case an operator was aware that there was a problem with the PORV because it stayed open and so he immediately took action to close the relief valve (Walker, 2004). In the case of TMI-2 no one knew about this problem if they did then they would have automatically went to the PORV monitor and closed the relief valve when needed. Due to the error there was no adequate cooling for the reactor and as a result the nuclear fuel overheated and the core began to melt (U.S.NRC, 2010). Human Error Types and Models There are three types of errors based on psycholog ical error mechanisms and these are listed as follows: 1) error of omission; 2) error of commission; and 3) psychological error (Verma, Ajit, Karanki, ) This is a good starting point for understanding human errors because it clearly differentiates error based on what the person did while working in a nuclear facility and the third one is the error due to lapses in memory, attention failure, and perception failure (Verma, Ajit, Karanki, 2010). These explains some of the basic errors committed in the workplace, factory or even in a nuclear facility. It is also helpful in designing a fail-safe system for planners to be acquainted with the different types of actions based on work complexities (Verma, Ajit, Karanki, 2010). These are widely known as: 1) Skill based actions; 2) Rule based actions; and 3) Knowledge based actions (Verma, Ajit, Karanki, 2010). If these are linked to human errors then slips and lapses usually occurs when it comes to skill-based actions, during routine well -practiced tasks that does not require conscious effort (Strauch, 2004). In addition there are also rule-based mistakes and knowledge-based mistakes. In the case of the former, the operator or manager applied the wrong rule. In the case of the latter the operator or manager did not posses the correct knowledge and did not have the experience to deal with a novel situation presented to him or her (Strauch, 2004). The last one can explain what happened to the Three-Mile-Island accident. The Three-Mile-Island Accident is not the result of error of commission. There was no deliberate act that resulted in failure in fact the operators had no idea what was going on, they were inundated with information and system signals that they do not know what was trivial and what was critical so that they could be guided to do the next crucial step. The incident was also the result of error of omission because the operators are all competent engineers and workers who had a clear understanding of how the system works. For instance if a supervisor told them that the relief valve was stuck and needed to be closed they would immediately know that the PORV should be closed to restore the correct amount of coolant in the reactor. But they were not privy to this information. Thus, the Three-Mile-Island incident was the result of a psychological error in the sense that it was a failure in perception. The engineers and operators thought that they were dealing with loss of water, clogged condenser etc. but the truth is there was only one critical problem that they had to address and everything could be reset to normal and yet they were unaware, the limitations of their knowledge about the Wilcox and Babcock designed nuclear plant brought them to the edge of a major disaster that could have taken hundreds even thousands of lives. Human Reliability Analysis The best HRA tool that is best suited to analyse the weakness, potential problems of a nuclear power facility is what is commonly know n as the Technique for Human Error Rate Prediction because it combines task and event tree analysis and more than that it was originally designed for the nuclear industry (Attwood Crowl, 2007). The effectiveness of THERP is seen in how it thoroughly evaluates the task at hand as well as help in developing an event tree analysis that will map out for the managers and operators of a nuclear facility what will happen if this particular steps is omitted or if a particular function failed. An event tree analysis which also serves as visual aid in the mastery of complex systems will provide an overview of the nuclear facility and its various operations. This simply means that THERP will predict what will happen in the event that a particular action is committed or omitted or if a fail-safe system did not function as designed. Other HRA tools are also effective but there are some that are reactionary in the sense that it makes recommendations based on what has happened in the past. For ex ample one HRA established a formula wherein he said that for every 10 near misses there will be an accident (Hughes Ferret, 2005). This gives the impression that managers will have to look at patterns and recognise the problem. This may work in other fields but should not be recommended for use in a nuclear facility. In a nuclear power plant something wrong can happen without precedent – it is sudden and catastrophic – there would be no time to evaluate and then make recommendations. The risk is too high to be entrusted to an HRA tool that is not as thorough as THERP. Human Factor Integration The Human Factor Integration is an important step because it is the systematic process for identifying and tracking as well as resolving human factors related issues so that planners and system engineers can create a system that balances the impact of human talents and limitation and technology (Strauch, 2004). In the case of the Three-Mile-Island incident a correctly done HFI wo uld have prevented the problem. An event tree analysis as well as task analysis was completed so that even if the operators were confronted by a novel problem they would still be able to solve the problem and not overwhelmed with various signals and information that did not make sense to them. They would have designed a control room that allow them to see every instrument and every signal that needed their attention should be displayed prominently. The HFI Plan Babcock and Wilcox, the firm that was contracted to build the Three-Mile-Island nuclear power plant should have created a human reliability analysis and the tool that they should have adopted is the THERP. If this was accomplished then they would have created a task analysis and at the same time an event tree analysis. They were able to train the support group, the operators and engineers on what to do in case of major failures but there was no system in place to deal with novel problems. And the reason for that was simple; t here was not HRA that was conducted that could have predicted human error and other forms of mechanical failure. Using an event tree analysis the operators would have known what would happen every step of the way. They are not only aware of the major components of a complex system but they would have been made familiar with the sequence of events and how the failure of one component will lead to what kind of effect. The use of THERP would have exposed the weakness of the system. In the case of the Three-Mile-Island accident the weak link is the design of the PORV signal. The signal was basic, a light that was turned on signified that the valve was open and when the light is not on then it means that the valve was close. The engineers who designed the system did not consider the possibility that the signal light may fail. They also did not consider the possibility that the operators will simply assume that that the valve was closed based on the absence of light coming from the instru ment monitoring the PORV. The one who designed the system did not consider what would happen in the event of multiple malfunctions and what it would look like inside the control room. The control room was supposed to be the eyes and ears of the engineers with regards to what is happening within the nuclear reactor. Yet it was poorly designed. A good HRA tool will determine not only the effectiveness of the control panels to convey data but to transmit data in a way that could assist the operators to deal with the most critical issue and the most critical issue during that time is not the problem with the heaters or the mechanical failure of some components of TMI-2. The most critical issue is the lack of coolant inside a super-heated reactor. Conclusion The Three-Mile-Island incident could have been easily avoided if an effective HRA tool was used even before construction of the nuclear plant was given the go signal to proceed. By using an HRA tool such as the THERP the engineers an d operators would have known that a very simple valve would play a crucial role in the meltdown of the reactor. This means that the signal that is coming from this valve should have been displayed prominently in the control room. Aside from that there should have been a more sophisticated means of alerting the operators that the valve has malfunctioned. They should not be made to rely on a simple mechanism just like the light signal coming from an obscure mechanism situated behind the control panels. The THERP would have given them a heads up when it comes to unprecedented events. They would have predicted the probability of human errors and mechanical failure so that they could create system to deal with potential problems. For instance, the signal connected to the PORV should not be a simple light bulb it should be a gauge that provides an accurate reading and it must be displayed prominently in the control room. Thus, a quick glance of the controls will immediately alert the oper ators that coolant was leaking out of the reactor. References Attwood, d. D. Crowl. (2007). Human Factors Methods for Improving Performance in the  Process Industries. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Dekker, S. (2005). Ten Questions About Human Error: A New View of Human Factors and  System Safety. New York: Routledge. Derkins, S. (2003). The Meltdown at Three Mile Island. New York: Rosen Publishing. Hughes, P. E. Ferret. (2005). Introduction to Health and Safety Work. Oxford: Butterworth- Heinemann. Moray, N. B. Huey. (1988). Human Factors Research and Nuclear Safety. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. U.S. NRC. (2010). â€Å"Backgrounder on the Three-Mile-Island Accident.† Retrieved from https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/3mile-isle.html Strauch, B, (2004). Investigating Human Error: Incidents, Accidents, and Complex Systems. UK: Ashgate Publishing. Verma, A. S. Ajit, D. Karanki. (2010). Reliability and Safety Engineering. London: Springer. Walker, S. (2004). Three Mile Island: A Nuclear Crisis in Historical Perspective. CA: University of California Press. 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